4th MP Quarterly Review

6. Vocab Gene- the set of instructions for each characteristic donated by the parent to the offspring Phenotype- the physical appearance of an organism Dominant trait- the stronger trait that always appears in the first generation Recessive trait- the weaker trait that is masked by the dominant trait and reappears in the second generation Adaptation- is a characteristic that helps a plant or animal survive in its environment Evolution- the slow change in plants and animals over time Taxonomy- the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

DNA- Watson and Crick 1. discovered the structure of DNA double helix/ twisted ladder 2. Sides are phosphate and sugar Rungs are nitrogen bases A-T C-G

Mendel- Genetics 3. Mendel’s results found the ratio of dominant to recessive traits was 3:1 (3 tall for every 1 short)

Cell 4. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, for example a bacteria cell. The flagella helps the bacteria cell move.

Trait 5. Traits are characteristics passed on from parent to offspring. Examples: eye color hair color attached/detached earlobes

7. Meiosis is the process of making sex cells The end result is 4 new daughter cells different from the parent cell.

Natural Selection 8. Natural Selection explains that organisms which are better adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce more successfully. Darwin explained how species change over time but he did not realize that these variations were caused by genes.

4 parts of Natural Selection #9 Overproduction- organisms produce more eggs/offspring than what will survive Inherited variation- there are differences among organisms in a species Struggle to survive- organisms may die from disease, lack of food or predators before reproducing Successful reproduction- the better adapted survive to reproduce organisms that will survive too

10. Pesticide exposure can produce insects that are resistant to the repellant 11. Elephants with valuable tusks will be killed before they reproduce and eventually that trait will decrease in the population. More tuskless elephants will live to reproduce. 12. Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms (taxonomy) by their shape and structure 13. The scientific name of an organism is written with the Genus and species names using Greek or Latin.

Classification Kids Pick Candy Over Fresh Green Salad 14. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kingdoms 15.There are 6 kingdoms

Punnett Squares Heterozygous Brown is Bb Homozygous Brown is BB Homozygous blue is bb