Organization of Living Systems. I. Characteristics of Life What makes something alive? -has an orderly structure -reproduces -grows and develops -adjusts.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Cell Structure and Function
Advertisements

Eukaryotic Cells vs. Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Structure. Two Cell Types 1. Prokaryotic Cells- Simple cells made up of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA. They do not have membrane.
History of the cell: The development and refinement of magnifying lenses and light microscopes made the observation and description of microscopic organisms.
Identify this part Cell (plasma) membrane
CELLS. The Microscope The light microscope The light microscope – Invented by Anton van Leeuwenhock in 1600’s – Improvements brought about the compound.
Chapter 7 Section 2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Building blocks of life!
Cell Theory & Cell Organelles
Cells.
Cell and Their Organelles
 Diffusion: The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Due to random movement The Rate of Diffusion.
Unit 2: Cells.
Cell Structure and Function
Cell Structure & Function
Cells II Cells Part II.
Section 7.1 Summary – pages
A Tour of the Cell.
4.2 Organelles.
Chapter 8: Life’s structure and Classification
Cells.
Chapter 8 n A Tour of the Cell. How can we see cells? n Light microscope – Uses light and lenses to magnify n Electron microscope – Uses beam of electrons.
Cells Chapter 7. cell – basic unit of all organisms.
 Plasma (Cell) Membrane  Function: Surrounds cell Allows only specific things things in and out (homeostasis)  Fact: Selectively permeable – allows.
Bellringer 10/15 What do you think this cartoon is about? What do you think is happening? Reminders: HW #6 on Fri and Lab Fee NOW!
HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?. NUCLEUS Contains DNA – genetic material of the cell 2 membranes surrounding it, the envelope/membrane Controls all of.
Organization of Life Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism.
I.How were cells discovered? A. New technologies lead to new discoveries 1. Robert Hooke – Invented the first microscope and was the first to observe and.
Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7 Biology Miller Levine.
Chapter 6 Jeopardy Definitions 6.5 & Definitions 6.6 & Focus Ons
Chapter 7.  English scientist who used an early light microscope to study nature.  Looked at cork (dead plant cells) under a microscope.  He observed.
SMP - LE 2013 notes The Cell and it’s Parts! Boy! What a little cell can do!
Cells
Standard 1: Cell Biology The fundamental life processes of plants animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of.
Chapter 7 A View of the Cell. What is a cell? Cells are the basic units of living things. Plants, animals, people, and bacteria are made of cells. The.
Cell Overview Cells are the basic unit of structure in living things Cells are highly specialized, and can change from organism to organism. Cells are.
AP Biology Cells & Cell Organelles How are eukaryotes and prokaryotes similar and different?
Chapter 7: The Microscope and Cell Theory
A Tour of the Cell.
Introduction to Cells Ch. 7 Ch. 7 Compound Light Microscope: allows light to pass through a specimen and magnifies the image with lenses Compound Light.
Cell Structure and Function. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1.
FUNCTIONS OF ORGANELLES
7.2 Cell Structure Cytoplasm = portion of the cell outside the nucleus – found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells Organelles “little organs”
The Cell Structures and Functions Chapter 7 Sections 1, 2, and 3.
Cell SB 1 a Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and.
Cells and Their Organelles
Cell Structure & Function
A View of the Cell Chapter 7 Notes. Microscopes  The microscope was invented by Leeuwenhoek.  A compound light microscope has a series of lenses and.
Cell Organelles Prokaryotic Cells A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound.
Cell Structure & Function
Two cell types Prokaryotes -simple Pro=before kary=nucleus NO nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Small in size Usually unicellular organisms (bacteria)
Chapter 7 Cell Structure
Do Now YOU NEED YOUR NUA NOTEBOOK TODAY What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? Do bacteria cells contain a nucleus? What.
Cells: The basic units of life. 1.) What is a cell?
Bellwork What are the three main statements in the cell theory? Who was the first to discover the “cell”? Compare the Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission.
Cell Theory and Cells The Cell Theory 1.All living things are made out of cells 2.All cells arise from pre-existing cells 3.Living things function because.
Eukaryotic Cellular Organelle Notes Cell Membrane Boundary between the inside and outside of the cell Maintains homeostasis in a cell by controlling.
Eukaryotic Cell Structures. Roles within a football team.
Biology Section 7.3. Cell parts outline 1.Plasma membrane 2.Cell wall 3.Nucleus chromatin 4.Nucleolus 5.Ribosome 6.Nuclear envelope 7.Cytoplasm 8.ER two.
Cell Structure and Function What the cell is going on here?
Chapter 7 A View of the Cell. 7.1 The Discovery of Cells Section Objectives  Relate advances in microscope technology to discoveries about cells and.
CELL STRUCTURE Eukaryotic cells contain many organelles: small structures within a cell, sometimes surrounded by a membrane.
Discovering Cells. Review Facts About Living Things.
Discovering Cells. Review Facts About Living Things.
Unit 3 - Cells Chapter 7.
Day 1: Cells.
Cell Structure.
Organization of Living Systems
Cells and Organelles.
The CELL -Just like our bodies, cells must have different structures which help them live. -They need their own version of skin, a stomach, blood and a.
Presentation transcript:

Organization of Living Systems

I. Characteristics of Life What makes something alive? -has an orderly structure -reproduces -grows and develops -adjusts to changes in the environment

Are these things alive? Plantairwind animalsbacteria virusesprotists rocks fungi soil firewater

Are these things alive? Plant airwind animalsbacteria virusesprotists rocks fungi soil firewater Living

Ex. of Life and Nonlife: Living Things: plants, animals, protists, fungi, bacteria Nonliving Things: viruses, fire, rocks, soil, air, water, sunlight This is a picture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis a bacteria which causes the disease tuberculosis. What happens when you get this disease?

Characteristics of Life Living things are organized at different levels. Organization of living things: -Cell(Smallest)  Tissue  Organ  Organ System  Organism(Biggest) -A cell is the smallest living thing.

History of Cells and Microscopes -In the 1600’s compound light microscopes were invented. These microscopes use a series of lenses to magnify objects. -Magnify means to make objects look bigger. -After the invention of the microscope, scientists began to look at cells under the microscope. -After the invention of the microscope, scientists began to look at cells under the microscope. -Robert Hooke used a compound light microscope to look at dead cells from an oak tree. He named what he saw “cells” because they reminded him of the cells the monks lived in. -Robert Hooke used a compound light microscope to look at dead cells from an oak tree. He named what he saw “cells” because they reminded him of the cells the monks lived in.

Microscopes Original Microscope from 1600’s Compound light microscope used today.

History of Cells and Microscopes -In the 1930’s electron light microscopes were invented which allowed scientists to look at even smaller objects, such as organelles.

II. Cell Theory -In the 1830’s something called the “Cell Theory” became a popular way of describing life in terms of cells. -The cell theory is made up of three main ideas: 1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. An organism may be made up of one cell, such as bacteria, or may be multicellular, that is have many cells, such as plants and animals. 2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization or organisms. Although organisms such as humans, dogs and trees can become very large and complex, the cell remains the simplest, most basic part of an organism. 3. All cells come from preexisting cells. This means that a cell comes from a parent cell (one parent cell divides to become two daughter cells).

Red Blood Cells

III. Types of Cells -There are two types of cells: 1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. Ex: Bacteria

Two Types of Cells: 2. Eukaryotic cells do have a nucleus. Ex: Plant and animal cells.

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote: Prokaryote: -has no organelles (no nucleus) -has no organelles (no nucleus)Eukaryote: -has organelles (has a nucleus) Both: -are living -have DNA -are cells

IV. Parts of the Cell -Just like our bodies, cells must have different structures which help them live. -They need their own version of skin, a stomach, blood and a brain to survive.

IV. Parts of the Cell -Organelles are small membrane-bound structures found inside the cell which have special jobs to help the cell survive.

IV. Part of the Cell 1. The plasma membrane is the boundary between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell.

IV. Parts of the Cell The Plasma Membrane is selectively permeable, which means it only lets certain things into and out of the cell. This helps maintain homeostasis inside the cell. Homeostasis is a balance inside the cell. Selective Permeability 

IV. Parts of the Cell -The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer which means that it is made up of two stacks of lipids attached to phosphates with proteins in between them. Scientists describe the plasma membrane using the fluid mosaic model; this means that the lipids move around a lot which makes the plasma membrane very flexible.

IV. Parts of the Cell 2. The nucleus is called the control center of the cell because it stores DNA which contain directions for making proteins. DNA strands are often stored as chromatin. 3. The nucleolus is found inside the nucleus and is where ribosomes are made. Nucleolus contains ribosomes  Nucleus contains DNA 

Which part of this cell is the nucleus?

Nucleus 

IV. Parts of the Cell 4. After ribosomes are made in the nucleolus, they leave the nucleus and attach to the E.R. Once attached to the E.R., ribosomes make proteins.  Ribosomes 

IV. Parts of the Cell 5. The Endoplasmic Reticulum or E.R. is a highly-folded organelle where proteins and lipids (fats) are synthesized. Synthesis means to make something.

IV. Parts of the Cell 6. The Golgi Apparatus sorts and packages the proteins and lipids made in the E.R. and sends them around the cell. The Golgi Apparatus is like the post office of the cell!

IV. Parts of the Cell 7. The Mitochondria is called the powerhouse of the cell because it breaks down sugar into energy in the form of ATP.

IV. Parts of the Cell 8. The lysosomes contain digestive enzymes which break down waste. The lysosomes help digest things we no longer need in our cells so that the cell can get rid of these waste products.

IV. Parts of the Cell 9. The cytoskeleton provides support in our cells.

IV. Parts of the Cell 10. The cytosol is the gel-like liquid inside the cell. The cytosol moves around to provide nutrients to the different organelles inside the cell. In this way, the cytoplasm helps circulate materials inside the cell. Cytoplasm 

What organelle is this? mitochondria

golgi

V. Plant vs. Animal Cells Plant and animal cells do not have exactly the same organelles. Some organelles are found only in plant cells or only in animal cells. Plant and animal cells do not have exactly the same organelles. Some organelles are found only in plant cells or only in animal cells.

V. Plant vs. Animal Cells Plant Cells Plant Cells -have chloroplasts and cell walls -have chloroplasts and cell walls -can make their own food through photosynthesis -can make their own food through photosynthesis -have large vacuoles to store water -have large vacuoles to store water Animal Cells -have centrioles used in cell division -can’t make their own food Both Plant & Animal Cells -both have: Plasma membranes Mitochondria Cytoplasm Nucleus’ Nucleolus’ Golgi E.R. DNA -both are living

VI. Plant Organelles Vacuole-stores food and water. Cell Wall-hard structure that protects and gives plant cells shape. Chloroplast-turn light energy into sugar.