ATP- Energy in a molecule

Energy What is work? -Work is done whenever anything is moved. Energy is the ability to do work.

Energy Energy is used to move ions and molecules across membranes in our nerves and kidneys. Food is broken down into molecules that can enter your cells.

ATP Exercise requires energy - so where does this energy come from, and how can we replace it? ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - a high energy molecule consisting of three phosphates attached by energy bonds to adenosine.

ATP ATP (adenosine triphosphate)  ADP (adenosine diphosphate) This is a continual cycle - ADP is converted back into ATP.

Adenosine Triphosphate ADP Adenosine Diphosphate ATP Adenosine Triphosphate ADP Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose (sugar molecule) Adenine (base) 3 phosphates 2 phosphates

Do not write Fireflies Fireflies produce light by a process called Bioluminescence

How do autotrophs make sugar? Autotrophs- organisms that make their own food Trap energy from sunlight Use energycarbohydrates = photosynthesis

Materials needed for plant Growth Raw material Energy source Catalyst What is needed for photosynthesis Materials:Carbon dioxide, water, minerals Energy: Light Catalyst: Chlorophyll

Carbon Dioxide Gas Small part of the air 0.03% = several hundred billion tons of CO2 w/out it plant would die

Water Life processes that occur in the cell Transport in the cell Supplies hydrogen needed during photosynthesis

Minerals needed by plants A plant does not need soil for growth, but it needs minerals Minerals needed by plants Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Iron Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Sulfur Magnesium Boron Zinc Molybdenum Copper Chlorine Manganese

Energy needed for plant Growth The ultimate source of energy for life is the sun. Only 1% of the solar energy is used by plants. Sunlight is the source of energy that powers the chemical rxn in every cell.

Catalyst needed for photosynthesis Green plants have green pigment called chlorophyll Photosynthesis takes place only in the presence of chlorophyll

Cont. Chlorophyll is a catalyst. Chlorophyll traps energy of sunlight. A catalyst is a substance that causes a chemical rxn to start and take place it does not become part of the rxn or final product Chlorophyll traps energy of sunlight. Absorbs light energy from sun and uses it to power chemical rxn of photosynthesis

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Photosynthesis -process that produces energy (food) in form of carbohydrates -produces oxygen as byproduct -light energy is stored as chemical energy

Light absorption Sun from the sun reaches earth as a white light.

Light absorption Objects appear a certain color because it reflects that color and absorbs every other color.

Photosynthesis Two pathways 1. Light dependent reaction 2. Calvin reaction