Appendix A Information Systems Hardware Information Systems Today Leonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich

Appendix A Objectives Understand key elements of information systems hardware Understand key elements of information systems hardware Understand types of computers used in organizations today Understand types of computers used in organizations today

Key Elements of IS Hardware Input Devices Input Devices Processing Devices Processing Devices Output Devices Output Devices

Input Devices Entering text and numbers Entering text and numbers Pointing and selecting information Pointing and selecting information Entering batch data Entering batch data Entering audio and video Entering audio and video

Input Devices Entering text and numbers Entering text and numbers  Keyboard  Regular  Cordless (radio frequency waves)  Ergonomics  Repetitive stress injuries

Input Devices Pointing and Selecting Information Pointing and Selecting Information  Examples  Touch screen  Light pen  Mouse  Touchpad

Input Devices Entering Batch Data Entering Batch Data  Batch input  Scanners  Text recognition software

Input Devices Types of Scanning Types of Scanning  Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)  Optical Character Recognition (OCR)  Bar Code Readers  Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Input Devices Smart Cards Smart Cards  A credit card with:  magnetic strip  microprocessor chip  memory circuits

Input Devices Entering Audio and Video Entering Audio and Video  Video recording  Voice input  Speech recognition  MIDI  Musical Instrument Digital Interface  Video input  Digital cameras  Streaming video  Streaming media

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Binary code Binary code  Machine language  Bit – binary digit  Byte – 8 bits or one typed character

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Elements of computer storage Elements of computer storage Measurement Approximate number of characters Byte1 Kilobyte 1 thousand Megabyte 1 million Gigabyte 1 billion Terabyte 1 trillion

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Binary codes Binary codes  ASCII  American Standard Code for Information Interchange  EBCDIC  Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code  Unicode

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs System Unit System Unit  Motherboard  Central Processing Unit (CPU)  RAM and ROM  Drives: hard, diskette, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM  Ports

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Motherboard Motherboard  Contains components that do the processing  Power supply

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU)  Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)  Performs mathematics  Control Unit  Fetch instructions  Decode instructions  Retrieve data  Store results  Moore’s Law

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Primary Storage (volatile) Primary Storage (volatile) Random-Access Memory (RAM) Random-Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)

Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Secondary Storage (nonvolatile) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)  Hard drives  Diskette drives  Zip drives  Optical disks  CD-ROM  DVD-ROM  Tapes

Output Devices Output Output  Video Output (CRT and LCD)  Printers and Plotters  Audio Output

Types of Computers Supercomputers Supercomputers Mainframes Mainframes Midrange computers Midrange computers Workstations Workstations Microcomputers (personal computers) Microcomputers (personal computers)  Network computers  Portable computers  Notebook computers  Handheld computers