بیماریهای خود ایمن دانشجویان پزشکی

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بیماریهای خود ایمن دانشجویان پزشکی

اتیولوژی ژنتیک : ژنهای HLA و ژنهای دیگر. بیشتر بیماریهای خود ایمن چند ژنی هستند. عوامل مستعد کننده دیگر : شامل عفونتها، ضربه، واکنشهای متقاطع و...

ژنتیک : خودایمنی و HLA

ارتباط ژنهای دیگر با خودایمنی

عوامل مستعد کننده خود ایمنی 1- آزاد شدن آنتی ژنهای مخفی : یوویت، اورکیت

2- اختلال در کار تیموس : عوامل مستعد کننده خود ایمنی

3- کاهش تعداد سلولهای Treg : عوامل مستعد کننده خود ایمنی

4- عفونتها به چند روش میتوانند خودایمنی را تشدید کنند : الف - واکنشهای متقاطع یا Molecular mimicry : ب - با فعال سازی ایمنی ذاتی و تولید سایتوکینها سبب بیان نابجای HLA-II روی سلولهای بافتی میشود. تیرویید هاشیموتو ، تایپ یک دیابت.... ج - عوامل فعال کننده پلی کلونال تولید میکنند. سوپر آنتی ژنها RA,TYPE I DIABETES عوامل مستعد کننده خود ایمنی

5- بیان نابجای مولکولهای MHC-II : Hashimoto عوامل مستعد کننده خود ایمنی

6- هورمونها : هورمونهای جنسی ، استروژن سبب تحریک و تستوسترون از خودایمنی جلوگیری میکند. مردان 10 برابر بیشتر از مردان به SLE مبتلا میشوند. عوامل مستعد کننده خود ایمنی

Drug induced AI disease SLE –Procainamide Haemolytic anaemia –Penicillin, cephalosporins عوامل موثر در خود ایمنی

تقسیم بندی بیماریهای خود ایمن Systemic Autoimmunity –Multisystem involvement-classic example is SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis Tissue specific autoimmunity –Antibody Thyroid disease Myasthenia Gravis –Inflammatory T cell damage Insulin dependent diabetes “ Coeliac Disease ”

بعضی ازبیماریهای خود ایمنی وابسته به سلول T دیابت وابسته به انسولین : MS : IBD مانند کرون سیلیاک : آنتی ژنهای خارجی مانند گلیادین و اتوآنتی ژن ترانس گلوتامیناز بافتی تیرئیدیت هاشیموتو

بعضی ازبیماریهای خود ایمنی وابسته به آنتی بادیها گریوز MG آنمی پرنیسیوز

گریوز

MG

آنمی پرنیسیوز

SLE Multisystem- ANA Screen >95% sensitive, not specific Specific Autoantibodies –Double stranded DNA (40%), Histones (70%), Extractable Nuclear Antigens Sm, snRNP (30%)

Rheumatoid arthritis 3-5X more common in women than in men. Initiated by activation of T-helper cells which produce cytokines and activate B cells to produce antibodies. 80% of patients with rhematoid factors IgM (antibodies against Fc portion of IgG).

روشهای آزمایشگاهی تشخیص تستهای سرولوژیک تستهای ایمونوفلورسانس مانند ANA الیزا

ANA patterns Homogenous Nucleolar Centromere

تست ANA و بیماریهای خودایمن

درمانهای قدیمی : کورتونها، سیکلوسپورین؛ متوترکسات، پلاسمافرز، روشهای درمان نوین بر مبنای مهار اختصاصی سیستم ایمنی درمان بیماریهای خودایمن

TNF blockade –Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn ’ s disease Multiple sclerosis –IFN-beta Psoriasis –CD28-blockade SLE –Anti-CD40

چند سوال؟ Rheumatoid factor, found in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, is most frequently found to be A) IgM reacting with L chains of IgG. B) IgM reacting with H-chain determinants of IgG. C) IgE reacting with bacterial antigens. D) antibody to collagen. E) antibody to DNA

The following is/are possible mechanism(s) for the recognition of self-components by the immune system in autoimmune diseases: A) alteration of a self-antigen so it is recognized as foreign B) leakage of sequestered self-antigen C) loss of suppressor cells D) infection with a microorganism that carries a cross-reactive antigen E) Any of the above.

Systemic lupus erythematosus A) is due to a mutation in double-stranded DNA. B) is a classic example of a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease. C) has multiple symptoms and affects many organs. D) results from antibodies specific to thyroid. E) affects only skin epithelial cells

A patient is found to have a form of diabetes in which his immune system is destroying his pancreatic islet cells. Which is the most likely explanation for this disease state? A) The patient has an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. B) Immune complex formation and complement are the main contributors to insulitis. C) In the islets of the pancreas, b cells have upregulated MHC class II and Fas molecules, making them susceptible to cell death by immune cells. D) There is an increase in suppressor cells. E) CD4 + T cells are being destroyed by pancreatic enzymes.

Diseases in which T H cells and cytotoxic CD8 + T cells probably play major roles in their pathology include all of the following except A) myasthenia gravis. B) Hashimoto's thyroiditis. C) rheumatoid arthritis. D) multiple sclerosis. E) insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

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