Immunity Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Function: Destroy anything non-self  (that has antigens) Organs: – Red bone marrow – hemocytoblasts – Lymph nodes – Spleen

Organs, Tissues, and Cells of the Immune System (cont.) Tissues – Tonsils – Appendix Cells, chemicals ◦Leukocytes (different types) ◦Prostaglandins, interferon, histamine

Lymphatic system immunity

Leukocytes – WBC’s Lymphocytes: T-cells B-cells Monocytes - - Macrophages Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

Nonspecific Defenses ◦Barriers to entry Inflammatory response

Barriers to Entry ◦The skin ◦The mucous membranes Lysozyme in sebum and tears HCl in stomach acid Low pH in vagina

Skin – lysozyme, architecture

The Inflammatory Response ◦redness ◦heat ◦Swelling ◦Pain – Mast cells (basophils) release histamine – Neutrophils – 1 st, quick – Macrophages – slower, bigger

The Inflammatory Response (cont.)

agglutination

Specific Immunity They can provide a “memory” of the infection. Includes the lymphocytes ◦T-cells ◦B-cells

T Cells are first T-cell receptor sites Antigen Activation (Cytotoxic) Killer T-cells Helper T-cells Memory cells

B Cells and the Antibody Response Antigen receptor sites Helper T-cell cytokines activation Plasma cells antibodies Memory B-cells

The Function of Antibodies mark pathogen for destruction Agglutination – Macrophage Disable toxins

Immunity Passive, natural = antibodies in breast milk Passive, artificial = serum injection Active, natural = memory cells/disease Active, artificial – memory cells/vaccine

Allergies

Autoimmune Diseases Autoimmune diseases ◦Multiple sclerosis ◦Systemic lupus ◦Rheumatoid arthritis