The Incredible Human Body 7th grade Health

A cell is the smallest living part of the body. A tissue is a group of cells that are similar in form or function. An organ is a body part consisting of several kinds of tissues that do a particular job. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a main body function.

The Skeletal System The skeletal system: 1.serves as a support framework 2. protect vital organs, 3.works with muscles to produce movement, 4. produces blood cells.

The skeletal system has 206 bones. Ligaments are the fibers that connect bones together. Cartilage is a soft material that is on the ends of some bones

Joints A joint is the point at which two bones meet. The bones in the human body are connected by several different joints. Hinge- Kneeand Elbow Ball and Socket- Hip and Shoulder Fixed- Skull

Disorders and Diseases of the Skeletal System n Rheumatoid Arthritis- inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. It is a disabling and painful inflammatory condition, which can lead to substantial loss of mobility due to pain and joint destruction. n Osteoporoses- disease of bone - leading to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced n Fibrous Dysplasia- a disease that causes growths or lesions in one or more bones of the human body.

The Muscular System The muscular system is the body system that consists of muscles that provide motion and maintain posture. Your body has more than 600 muscles.

Voluntary Muscles Involuntary Muscles Muscles can be divided into two major groups:

Voluntary muscles are muscles that a person can control. Involuntary muscles are muscles that function without a person’s control. Tendons are tough tissue fibers that connect muscles to bones. Movement occurs when a muscle shortens- Contracts

Disorders and Diseases of the Muscular System n Osgood- Schlatters Diseases- inflammation in the knee due to stress on the tendon that attaches to the front of the tibia. n Multiple Sclerosis- actually a nervous system disorder but it effects the muscles. Muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty in moving; difficulties with coordination and balance (ataxia) n Cerebral Palsy- Also a nervous system disorder but it also effects the muscles. All types of CP are characterized by abnormal muscle tone, posture (i.e. slouching over while sitting), reflexes, or motor development and coordination. There can be joint and bone deformities and contractures (permanently fixed, tight muscles and joints).

The Nervous System The nervous system is the organ system that carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord and all other parts of the body.

The nervous system consists of the brain, the spinal cord, and branching nerves. It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

The brain is a mass of nerve tissue. It has three major parts. Cerebrum - memorize, think and learn Cerebellum - coordination of muscle activity.

Medulla - involuntary/voluntary actions The spinal cord is a thick band of nerve cells that extends through the backbone.

The Peripheral Nervous System Consist of all of the nerves that branch out from the CNS to the muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands.The PNS regulates heart rate and body temperature.

The Circulatory System The circulatory system is the body system that transports nutrients, oxygen, and cellular waste products throughout the body. The circulatory system consists of the blood, blood vessels, and heart.

The heart is a four-chambered muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. An atrium is one of the upper chambers of the heart and the ventricles are the lower two chambers of the heart. The aorta is the main artery in the body.

Circulatory (Organ) Aorta Pulmonary artery Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium Pulmonary vein

Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors n Factors that can’t be changed: Increasing Age Gender- Males Heredity n Factors that can be changed: Smoking High Cholesterol and blood pressure Physical Inactivity Obesity Diabetes

Respiratory System n Provides the body cells with O2 and removes CO2 from the body. n Major Parts: –Trachea –Bronchus –Bronchioles –Alveolus

Respiratory Disorders n Asthma –Constricting of the bronchial tubes. –Makes it difficult for person to get a full breath. n Emphysema –Aveoli in the lungs burst due to smoking. –Person can’t get a full breath. –Needs to be on O2.