Review: The Federalist Era

A NEW SHIP ON AN UNCERTAIN SEA

George Washington – First President

First Acts of New Government Formed first cabinet Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of Treasury Thomas Jefferson – Secretary of State Henry Knox – Secretary of War Edmund Randolph – Attorney General Evolution of the Cabinet, Pg. 191

First Acts of New Government Bill of Rights: James Madison 1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. 2. Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia. 3. No quartering of soldiers. 4. Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. 5. Right to due process of law, freedom from self-incrimination, double jeopardy. 6. Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial. 7. Right of trial by jury in civil cases. 8. Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishments. 9. Other rights of the people. 1o. Powers reserved to the states.

First Acts of New Government Judiciary Act of 1789  Supreme Court – Chief Justice 5 associates John Jay

Hamilton’s Financial Program Assumption and payment of debts  Washington DC new capital deal

Hamilton’s Financial Program

“Funding at par” Excise tax on liquor  Whiskey Rebellion Tariff to promote infant industries  voted down National bank  ”necessary and proper” clause

Rise of Political Parties Federalists: “loose construction” Elastic Clause (Art 1, Sec VIII)  Whigs (sort-of)  Today’s Republicans Anti-Federalists: “strict construction” aka Democratic- Republicans (or simply Republicans)  Today’s Democrats  10 th amendment Page 196: Evolution of Major Parties

French Revolution Stirs America French Revolution begins (1789)  Reign of Terror  Napoleon Democratic-Republicans favor France Federalists favor Britain

French Revolution Stirs America Washington declares neutrality (1793) “Citizen” Genêt Affair (1793)

Embroilments with Britain

Treaties Jay Treaty w/ Britain ( ) Britain granted some concessions Burning In Effigy

Treaties Pinckney Treaty w/ Spain (1795) Established boundaries, right of New Orleans

Presidential Transition Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) Set trend: Isolation (also two-term tradition)

Presidential Transition Election of 1796 Adams wins, Jefferson in as Vice President  eventually to 12 th Amendment Election info

Adams’ Presidency XYZ Affair (1797) Undeclared naval warfare ( )

Adams’ Presidency Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) Naturalization Act Alien Act/Alien Enemies Act (not used) Sedition Act (used) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions  idea of nullification

End of the Era Federalists lost control of executive and legislative branches in election 0f 1800 Federalist judges remained in power – chief justice was John Marshall