PACS 2500 Introduction to Peace and Conflict Studies Guy Burgess Co-Director Conflict Information Consortium, University of Colorado UCB 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO , (303) Copyright © 2014 Guy Burgess and Heidi Burgess

Have/Have-Not Complexity Problems at the Top Natural Selection New Class Differences Superstar Effect Money Addiction Boundless Greed Rationalization Zero-Sum Thinking Concentration of Wealth Discrimination Problems at the Bottom Family Disintegration Withdrawal from the Workforce Low Educational Expectations Scarcity Thinking Crime Estimate the Percentage of “Explained Variance” associated with each factor. Systemic Problems Prison Industrial Complex Poverty Capitalism Cheating Advantages Automation Technological Advance Kludgeocracy Employer's Market (Fear Economy) Lack of Compassion Underperforming Schools Tax Structure Red Tape Regulations

Groups Front Door

Amnesty International action/action?ea.client.id=1839&ea.campaign.id=34661&ea.tracking.id=ActivismLevels_UrgentActionNetwork~Count ry_SaudiArabia~MessagingCategory_CensorshipandFreeSpeech~MessagingCategory_PrisonersandPeopleatRisk- PrisonersofConscience

Religion Partisanship tank/2015/01/29/the-political-divide-on- views-toward-muslims-and-islam/

Secularists

Transforming Capitalism

Population Map

Conflicts and Disputes  Conflicts – underlying, long-running, tensions between the parties based on differing interests with respect to distributional issues, moral questions, status, and identity.  Disputes – episodes within the context of the larger conflict that may be resolved by agreement or various types of legal, political, military or other power contests.

Conflicts and Disputes

The Football Analogy Disputes are the plays and conflict is the game with special rules: 1) the game never ends, and 2) the goal is to keep the ball at your opponents end of the field.

Abortion Dispute History A partial list of major abortion-related disputes in the United States and associated shift in aggregate social policies. Pro-ChoicePro-Life Abortion prohibition laws Abortion legalization efforts (state-level) Roe v. Wade GOP decision to focus on the abortion issue Pro-Choice interest group organization Pro-Life interest organization Pro-Life Supreme Court appointments Pro-Choice Supreme Court appointments Threats abortion providers State-level abortion restriction legislation Many other disputes in various arenas

Climate Change Dispute History Kyoto Protocol – 1997 IPCC Gore Nobel Prize – 2007 Copenhagen Conference – 2009 US Stimulus/Alternative Energy – 2009 Climategate Controversy – CAFE Agreement – Summer 2011 ? Keystone XL Pipeline Permits – 2013 ? More Favorable to Environmental Interests More Favorable to Pro-Fossil Interests

Conflicts and Disputes  The underlying conflict is intractable and cannot be resolved in the near (or even long) term.  Dispute episodes within the context of that conflict are, however, routinely resolved by power contests (or, sometimes, agreement).  The cumulative effect of these resolved disputes determines the “outcome” of the larger conflict for the moment.  The underlying conflict is only “resolved” when there is no significant challenge to the prevailing situation (outcome) for an extended.

Conflict Stages (Resolution Model)

Conflict Stages (Victory Model) Defeat of One Side Repression and Latent Hostility

Conflict as a Breaking Wave You have to deal with all stages simultaneously.

Conflict Phases Copyright 2003 © by Guy and Heidi Burgess

Ripeness Death And Destruction

Ripeness / Hurting Stalemate How Much Violence Have You Prevented?

Life History of a Conflict Michael S. Lund, Preventing Violent Conflicts: A Strategy for Preventive Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996), p. 38.

Ripeness as Time Appropriate Intervention Michael S. Lund, Preventing Violent Conflicts: A Strategy for Preventive Diplomacy (Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1996), p

Moral (Culture-based) Conflict

Framing – Things Don't Make Sense...

Unless Viewed from the Right Angle

Outerbridge’s Law < Outerbridge Crossing Named for Mayor Outerbridge When the answer is obvious and wrong!

W.F. Ogburn / Cultural Lag

Culture Matters It’s about much more than tastes in food!

Culture and Conflict

Finger Jestures

Soles of Your Shoes

Japanese Business Cards

CAOCL

War and Anthropology h.org/2009/12/01/huma n-terrain-systems- anthropologists-and-the- war-in-afghanistan/

Cross-Cultural Conflict Stories In your travels (and in your community) what cultural misunderstandings have you encountered? Of these, which one's had the potential to cause or contribute to serious conflict? How did you handle the situation? How should you have handled the situation?

1905 Revolutionary Ideas Einstein – Relativity Sumner – Folkways

Cultural Differences Within group differences Between group differences Within group differences

Nature Vs. Nurture Culture vs. Personality

Culture High Context - uses implied meanings which arise from the setting Low Context - focuses on literal meanings of words, independent of setting Note: this distinction does not describe a dichotomy, but rather poles on a continuum.

Kurt Lewin Resolving Social Conflicts Americans Europeans "There is nothing so practical as a good theory"

Culture Inner-directed cultures see virtue in individual achievements, whereas Outer-directed cultures see virtue in relationships and process Tradition-direct cultures see virtue in the way that things have always been done

Fate and Personal Responsibility Personal responsibility Extent to which we feel ourselves to be the masters of our lives Fate Extent to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control

Perception of Time and Space Monochronic Linear quantitative time, most common in the northern and western hemispheres -- “time is money” Polychronic Cyclical time w/ unraveling and unlimited continuity, most common in southern and eastern hemispheres Space Differences in comfortable distance between people

Culture Some values that vary cross-culturally concern: Power – its appropriate distribution and source Achievement – what it consists of Hedonism (Fun) – what it is and how important it is Stimulation – what its acceptable forms are Self-direction – degree to which this is possible and desirable

Culture Other values that vary cross-culturally include: Universalism/Particularism – degree to which things are seen as connected/seperated Benevolence – its importance Traditions – what they are and their importance Confirmation – its importance and sanctions to enforce it Security – the forms it takes

Culture Collectivists see group allegiances most important Individualists see themselves as separate individuals What is the fundamental social unit?

Collectivist vs. Individualist Republicans Collective Military traditions National interests / patriotism Individualistic Free market Freedom Democrats Collective “It takes a village” “Socialized ___________” Individualistic Civil rights

Tolerance / Coexistence

Liberals Vs. Conservatives

Boulder, Another One Party Town

Conservative Scholar

Demise of Local Political Reporting

Political Selection  Political selection  “Survival of the fittest”  Survival of the most powerful  If one side does it the other has to do it  Since they all do it, it’s a non issue  Folks who don’t do it, you never hear from Charles Darwin

Hidden Persuaders II

Wag the Dog

Higman / Lasswell Propaganda I Attitudes Opinions: Votes, Support Individual Thought Processes Stimulae: Events, Ads, Speeches

Higman / Lasswell Education II Attitudes Opinions: Votes, Support Individual Thought Processes Stimulae: Events, Ads, Speeches

Higman / Lasswell Propaganda III Attitudes Opinions: Votes, Support Individual Thought Processes Stimulae: Events, Ads, Speeches

Higman / Lasswell Propaganda IV Attitudes Opinions: Votes, Support Individual Thought Processes Stimulae: Events, Ads, Speeches X

Focus Groups

Mark Udall

Cory Gardner

Mark Udall

Cory Gardner

FactCheck.org

Al Frakin True, False, or Weasel Game

If the Facts Aren’t on Your Side, Attack the Wonks / Fact Checkers “We’re not going to let our campaign be dictated by fact-checkers” How do you encourage and support quality fact checking? Or, get your own fact checker

Campaign Finance g/article/campaign- finance-free-for-all-how- we-got-to-this-point

Koch Brothers million-on-2016-campaign.html

Guiding Principle: Compassion Karen Armstrong “That which is hurtful to you, do not do to others.”

John Stewart