Ecology Quiz Review

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What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?

What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment? ECOLOGY

Name the levels of organization of living things from smallest to biggest.

What is… Organism Species Population Community Ecosystem Biome Biosphere Species Organism

What is an organism?

What is an organism? One member of a species

What is a species?

What is a species? An organism that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

What is a population?

What is a population? Why are you looking at us? Organisms of the same species living in the same area.

What is a community?

All the different types of living things in an area What is a community? All the different types of living things in an area

What is an ecosystem?

All the living (biotic)and non-living (abiotic) things in an area What is an ecosystem? “Abiotic” Non-Living Sun Water Soil “Biotic” Living Trees Ducks Fish All the living (biotic)and non-living (abiotic) things in an area

What is a biome?

Group of ecosystems with same climate, same types of living things What is a biome? Group of ecosystems with same climate, same types of living things (plants and animals)

What is the biosphere?

What is the biosphere? All the areas of the Earth (above, on, below surface) that contains living things

______ is where an organism lives and gets its needs met? (example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

Habitat is where an organism lives and gets its needs met? (example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

______________ is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

CLIMATE is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

What make their own food?

PRODUCERS AUTOTROPHS (PLANTS!)

What need to find and eat food?

What need to find and eat food? Heterotrophs - Consumers Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore Decomposers Scavengers

What do each of these consumers eat? Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore

What do each of these consumers eat? Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore Eats only meat Eats only plants Eats meat and plants

What digests and absorbs nutrients from decaying organisms?

DECOMPOSERS (Mushrooms, Bacteria)

What is an organism that eats already dead animals?

We really need to thank the lions for killing our meal! Scavengers Vultures & Hyenas

What provides almost all the energy in ecosystems?

What provides almost all the energy in ecosystems? THE SUN!!!!

What is this structure called? Name and describe each trophic level. How much energy is transferred from lower level to next?

Carnivores & Omnivores (eat Herbivores) & Omnivores What is this structure called? Energy Pyramid Name and describe each trophic level. See labels How much energy is transferred from lower level to next? 10% Carnivores & Omnivores Carnivores (eat Herbivores) & Omnivores

What is this called?

Food Chain Linear Loss of one organism disrupts the chain

What is this called? Why does the arrow point towards the consumer?

Food Web Shows the transfer of energy from one organism to another. Arrow points to mouth that does the eating. One loss of organism does not disrupt the entire web.

Biotic Factor means… Abiotic

Biotic factor means… Living factors that affect the environment or a population. Examples: disease, predators, prey Abiotic factor means… Non-living factors that affect the environment or a population. Examples: wind, hurricane, tornado, flood

What is the human factor?

A factor caused by human actions such as pollution, all trees cut down, global warming, making a park, or over hunting that affect the environment or a population.

____________ is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship) Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

Niche is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship) Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

Organisms depending on each other _____?______ Organisms depending on each other

SYMBIOSIS Organisms depending on each other Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Predation

___________ is when both organisms help each other (+/+) Ex: Bee & Flower Lichen (algae/fungus)

Mutualism is when both organisms help each other (+/+) Ex: Bee & Flower Lichen (algae/fungus)

_______ is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (+/0) (harmed or helped) Ex: Bird nest/Tree Barnacle/Whale

Commensalism is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (harmed or helped) (+/0) Ex: Bird nest/Tree Barnacle/Whale

Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host) _________ is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed (+/-) Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host) Parasitism is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed (+/-) Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host) Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

What is predator vs. prey?

What is predator (lynx that kills) vs. prey (rabbit that gets killed) (+/-) “Predation”

Be able to describe each Biome: Tropical Rainforest

Tropical Rainforest: BIODIVERSITY Found along the __________________ Temperature, rainfall (250cm/yr), humidity Very high ___________________ EQUATOR BIODIVERSITY

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Temperate Deciduous Forests leaves Trees drop _________ in the fall 4 Seasons Forests of maples, beeches, oaks….. N. America, Europe, Asia Plant Adaptations Broad, thin leaves with large surface areas for maximum light absorption Animal Adaptations High Biodiversity Most birds migrate to warmer climates Some mammals drastically reduce their metabolic rate in the winter (hibernation)

Taiga TAIGA

Northern coniferous forests (Pine Trees) Canada Taiga Northern coniferous forests (Pine Trees) Canada Long cold winter 6-10 months Short growing seasons enhanced by constant sunlight. Snow / precipitation

Temperate Grasslands

Temperate Grasslands Fires Main vegetation Grasses Very fertile soil, little rainfall ________________ common Few trees can survive Root system is dense to protect from droughts Few large herbivores Underground Burrows Fires

Deserts

Less than 25 cm rainfall per year Deserts: Less than 25 cm rainfall per year Spines to protect against predators – Cactus Estivation summer sleep Nocturnal – Awake during night/sleep during day Absorb water from food.

Tundra

Permafrost Tundra: Treeless Mosses and lichen covered rocks _____________ permanently frozen layer of ground 6 in below the surface Treeless Mosses and lichen covered rocks Short and woody plants Reproduce quickly in brief summer Migratory birds Reindeer and caribou move to find food Small rodents burrow underground

________ __________ is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

Primary Succession: is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

________ _____ is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re-grows into a forest again.

Secondary Succession is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re-grows into a forest again.

Which type of vegetation represents a climax community? A B C D

Which type of vegetation represents a climax community? Largest Mature Trees A B C D

Be able to: Explain what carrying capacity is Determine the carrying capacity of population Explain what factors (biotic, abiotic, human) cause increases and decreases in a population

Keep studying until you get every question correct!