Kingdom Plants Organisms that have chlorophyll(green) and make food by a process called PHOTOSYNTHESIS (Plants are also called Producers)

T or F. Animals reproduce sexually and plants reproduce asexually. F. The vast majority of both animals and plants reproduce sexually.

Plants are divided into 2 large groups Algae (green, brown and red) Mosses Liverworts Ferns Conifers Flowering Plants

Green Algae

Brown Algae Giant Kelp

Red Algae Mostly deep ocean

Reproduction in Non Vascular Plants Algae – reproduce either sexually(2 parents using sperm and egg) or asexually(1 parent makes a copy of itself) Mosses and Liverworts- must do both sexual and asexual reproduction to make a baby

Liverworts

Moss

Moss and Liverworts do a form of strange reproduction called: Alternation of Generations

Phylum Vascular Plants - have tubes for carrying water, minerals and food Ferns Conifers Flowering Plants

Ferns leaves drop spores.

Spore capsules (sori) Fern leaf Spores

Spores produce: fern Prothallus

Lives for 2 weeks, and... produces sperm and egg

New ferns grow. grow. (No seeds)

Alternation of Generations Reproduction technique in which the plant has to do sexual(sperm and egg) and asexual(spores) reproduction to make a baby. Mosses, Liverworts and Ferns Sperm and Egg Sexual Spores Asexual Baby Plant

Seed Plants Flowering Plants- have flowers with male and female sex organs.Flowering Plants- have flowers with male and female sex organs. Conifers- evergreens that have a male and female cone.Conifers- evergreens that have a male and female cone.

Evergreens are conifers. They include: Pines- Pines- long needles in bundles of two.

Spruce-Spruce- short single needles

Firs and Yews-Firs and Yews- flat, slender, flexible needles

Cedars and Arborvitaes-Cedars and Arborvitaes- scaly needles

Larches or Tamaracks Larches or Tamaracks Only conifer that loses it’s needles in the fall.

Male cones produce sperm in pollen grains in the spring. They release their pollen when the wind blows. Some pollen might land on the sticky female cone. Conifers(cone-bearers)

PollenGrains(1000X)

Conifers The female cone is larger and reddish/green in the spring. The pollen that stuck on it burrows to the center of the cone to the egg. This forms a seed.

Flowering plants are the most common plants on the earth and produce sperm and egg in flowers.

Most flowering plants have very plain looking flowers that you might not even notice. Wind, birds, and bees usually pick up the pollen from the male part of the flower and carry it by accident to the female part of another flower, creating a seed. Wind, birds, and bees usually pick up the pollen from the male part of the flower and carry it by accident to the female part of another flower, creating a seed.

Flowering Plants The flower has pollen, containing sperm, in male sex organs and eggs in female sex organs. Let’s study a flower

With the help of wind, birds, and bees... Flowering Plants make seeds.

Pollination (Thanks, Cupid!) Pollen is carried from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower.

Pollen grains burrow down the pistil, style and ovary to the eggs. Pollens open up to release sperm which turn the eggs into seeds. Fertilization

From Flower to Fruit - a Love Story Once upon a time, Rholl grew tomato plants in his garden.

In June, he began to notice little yellow flowers. He was very happy!

By the end of June, he was sad because the little yellow flowers were gone.

By the end of July, he noticed small green bumps where the flowers used to be.

The bumps got bigger and bigger and bigger!

One day in August, he noticed the bumps turning yellow.

Finally one day at the end of August, he realized...These are TOMATOES!!

These are flowers! They are the ripened ovaries of the tomato flower.

Rholl presents his wife with a cart of partially rotten ovaries of a flower. I married a geek!

“ That evening at dinner...” Science geek Rholl proves his point by dissecting the salad to reveal seeds in the tomatoes A fruit is a ripened ovary!

Mrs. Rholl admitted that even though she married a science geek, she married the smartest man in the whole wide world! See, it is a love story.

Plant Sex... Never knew it could be so exciting!!

Seed Dispersal Wind or water carrying seeds. Animals eating and pooping seeds. Animals carrying seeds.

Thank you Plant Kingdom for making all of our food and oxygen! -Monerans, Protists, Fungi, and Animals