Burns, Infections, Allergies Pages

 Burns ◦ Tissue damage and cell death  Causes: ◦ Heat ◦ Electricity ◦ UV radiation ◦ Chemicals  Consequences: ◦ loss of body fluids ◦ invasion of bacteria © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Used to determine the extent of burns  The body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimation  Each area represents about 9 percent of total body surface area ◦ Exception is the perineum which represents 1% © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Totals Anterior and posterior head and neck, 9% Anterior and posterior upper limbs, 18% Anterior and posterior trunk, 36% Anterior and posterior lower limbs, 36% 100% (a) Perineum, 1% 41/2%41/2% 41/2%41/2%41/2%41/2% Anterior trunk, 18% 9%

 First-degree burns (partial-thickness burn) ◦ Damage to epidermis  Second-degree burns (partial-thickness burn) ◦ Damage to Epidermis and upper dermis (papillary) ◦ Skin: red, blistered  Third-degree burns (full-thickness burn) ◦ Destroys entire skin layer ◦ Requires skin grafts ◦ Skin looks charred © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

(b) 2 nd degree 1 st degree 3 rd degree DEGREES OF BURNS

 Redness  Blisters/lesions  Bumps oozing pus  Itching  Burning  Patches  Scaling/flaking/peeling

 Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis) ◦ fungal infection  Boils and carbuncles ◦ bacterial infections (usually staphylococcus)  Cold sores ◦ herpes simplex virus I or II  As many as 90% of Americans have been exposed to simplex Virus I (cold sores)  An estimate of 50-70% have Virus II (genital herpes)  You may want to assume that everyone has the virus as it is so common and does not always show symptoms to shed the virus © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

 Contact dermatitis ◦ Exposures cause allergic reaction ◦ Causes include chemicals, plants (grass is common)  Impetigo ◦ Caused by bacterial infection  Strep and staph are most common  Psoriasis ◦ Unknown cause ◦ Triggered by trauma, infection, stress © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 4.12b Cutaneous lesions. (b) Impetigo (c) Psoriasis