GEOG 352 Day 9: Chapter 5 (Energy) 1 Kirklees Kristianstad Outline for major project due on the 13 th !

Housekeeping Items  Pizza lunch and resource session in second floor atrium in 356, 12-1:30 today. This overlaps with federal candidates’ forum, from 11:30 to 1 or so, where pizza will also be served. This will be in Building 355, Room 211.  The City is sponsoring another heritage event, this time a workshop on the basics of heritage. It’s on the 15 th. I haven’t been able to find out the details, but if interested contact Chris Sholberg  A reminder about the film “Bikes vs. Cars” on Wednesday at 6:30 in Building 250, Room 125, by donation. And the Sustainability Fair on Thursday from 11:30 to 2 in the Library Quad. 2

Housekeeping Items  To learn more about International Student Exchange program (with the deadline of October 15 th ), see Exchange Partners:  Exchange Application: ts/ExchangeApplication.pdf ts/ExchangeApplication.pdf  Funding & Scholarships:  Exchange Contact: Jennifer Sills, Manager Education Abroad  3

Housekeeping Items  The information on the Seniors’ Bus Co-op in Vancouver can be found at  Charity passed on a link about the overbuilding of housing in China – see ature=youtu.be ature=youtu.be  Today I hope to hear from the folks presenting on Chapters 3 & 8, and from Ariel on Chapter 4.  I would like to talk a bit about different resource property regimes and had hoped to show a short video from the Saving the Ocean series on a Mexican fishing and whale-watching co-op that practices a sustainable approach to resource management. That will have to wait, as someone else has it. 4

Resource Management Regimes  Property systems 5 communitarian open access private state co-management quasi-public goods free goods private goods public goods cooperation increasing commodification and bureaucratization of resources to detriment of ecological specificity o reciprocity absence of constraint protection of property rights law/coercion negotiation Determinants of behaviour

Energy (Chapter 5)  Key Points:  Our global addiction to oil is very dysfunctional, and we all need to question and re-evaluate the way that we use energy, since our fossil-fuel use is driving irreversible and devastating climate change (pp ).  The suggested alternatives to fossil fuel energy, such as nuclear, probably will not be able to produce enough energy to completely take the place of fossil fuels and have their own issues (p. 112).  What could perhaps take the place of fossil fuel energy forms as the dominant energy supply, however, is the combination of “[d]istributed energy strategies, diverse in type and scale, that increase local and regional self- reliance”, which could help to bring us to a low-carbon and more environmentally sustainable energy future (p. 112). 6

Kirklees and Kristianstad 7 Reminder that outlines are due On Thursday…..

Pathways to Energy Sufficiency  Energy consumption from non-renewable fossil fuels is at the heart of what is contributing to climate change.  Initially in the face of the politically caused ‘energy crisis,’ a number of countries (including Canada) explored alternatives to fossil fuel consumption – to oil, in particular. However, after oil became available again and the price dropped, this research and development was dropped – in Canada at least. However, Denmark was one of the countries that did not let it go.  The National Round Table on Environment and the Economy, which explored greenhouse gas reduction strategies, that the authors quote on p. 112, has since been terminated by the Harper government. 8

Pathways to Energy Sufficiency  The chapter profiles two cases: the Kirklees/ Yorkshire Energy Services program in the UK, and the Fossil- Fuel-Free Kristianstad program in Sweden. Though a few years old now, other success stories are reviewed in Chris Turner’s The Geography of Hope.  The first was an attempt to influence citizens’ decisions around energy that would have an impact on GHG emissions.  It involved a collaboration amongst agencies, credit unions and contractors, with assistance from senior governments, and enabled not only significant improvements in energy consumption, but also economic and social benefits.  The program was successful in not only educating residents about the advantages of energy conservation retrofits, but provided effective financial incentives. 9

Pathways to Energy Sufficiency  The second case involves a small city, whose population is much smaller than Nanaimo, and a collection of 25 adjacent towns and villages who collectively make up a territory about the size of the Regional District of Nanaimo. Joined together the population of the area is almost equal to Nanaimo City by itself.  For the past nearly thirty years, the region has been exploring alternative energy, beginning with the municipal energy company that started utilizing waste wood chips instead of oil in the mid-80s. These are used in a combined heat and power (CHP) process that contributes to an ever-expanding district heating network.  Instead of waste heat generated by combustion being lost, it is captured and used to heat water and or buildings. 10

Pathways to Energy Sufficiency  In addition the municipal company that operates the landfill built a biogas production plant to capture and use methane from decomposing garbage and food industry waste to produce electricity.  From 1998 to 2002, the proportion of energy for municipal buildings went from 48% fossil fuel to 9%, with biofuels going from 27 to 78%. Households are also encouraged through grants to switch from oil to wood pellets, and biofuels are being explored as an energy source for vehicles.  In addition to pre-existing hydro power, and the new shift to CHP, the region is also relying increasingly on windpower (see chart on p. 123).  These two cases give clues for the major projects: the capital benefits are described on pp , and the lessons of the cases are offered on pp