Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements 3.2 The Periodic Table 1

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Groups and Periods On the periodic table, elements are arranged according to similar properties groups contain elements with similar properties in vertical columns periods are horizontal rows of elements 2

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Groups and Periods 3

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Periodic Table of Elements 4

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Group Numbers Group numbers use the letter A for representative elements (Groups 1A–8A) use the letter B for transition elements (Groups 3B–12B) 5

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Classification of Groups 6

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Alkali Metals 7 Group 1A, the alkali metals, includes lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium.

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Halogens 8 Group 7A, the halogens, includes chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Identify the element described by the following: 1. Group 7A, Period 4 A. BrB. ClC. Mn 2. Group 2A, Period 3 A. berylliumB. boron C. magnesium 3. Group 5A, Period 2 A. phosphorus B. arsenicC. nitrogen 9

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Identify the element described by the following: 1. Group 7A, Period 4 A. Br 2. Group 2A, Period 3C. magnesium 3. Group 5A, Period 2C. nitrogen 10

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids The heavy zigzag line separates metals and nonmetals. Metals are located to the left. Nonmetals are located to the right. Metalloids are located along the heavy zigzag line between the metals and nonmetals. 11

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids and Periodic Table 12

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids Metals are shiny and ductile are good conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors are good insulators Metalloids are better conductors than nonmetals, but not as good as metals are used as semiconductors and insulators 13

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Comparing a Metal, Nonmetal, and Metalloid 14

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Identify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. A. sodium B. chlorine C. silicon D. iron E. carbon 15

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Identify each of the following elements as metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. A. sodiummetal B. chlorinenonmetal C. silicon metalloid D. ironmetal E. carbonnonmetal 16

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check List all of the elements that match the description A. Metals in Group 4A Sn, Pb, C, Si, Ge B. Nonmetals in Group 5A As, Sb, Bi, N, P, As, Sb C. Metalloids in Group 4A C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb 17

Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution List all of the elements that match the description A. Metals in Group 4A Sn, Pb B. Nonmetals in Group 5A N, P C. Metalloids in Group 4A Si, Ge 18