Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry ICP-MS Stuart Morrow June 12, 2015

Technique Overview  ICP-MS is a sensitive instrumental technique used for elemental analysis  Different than traditional MS  No information on MW or structure  Data provides an accurate composition of inorganic elements in a sample (ppt  % levels)

Technique Overview Plasma Generation & Ionization  High Radio Frequency (27mHz) induces the formation of an argon plasma (6000 – 10000K)  Plasma has ionization potential (IP) of electron volts – above 1st IP of most other elements in periodic table

Elements H He Li ☐ Be ☐ B☐B☐ CNOFNe Na ☐ Mg ☐ Al ☐ Si ☐ P☐P☐ S☐S☐ Cl ☐ Ar K☐K☐ Ca ☐ Sc ☐ Ti ☐ V☐V☐ Cr ☐ Mn ☐ Fe ☐ Co ☐ Ni ☐ Cu ☐ Zn ☐ Ga ☐ Ge ☐ As ☐ Se ☐ Br ☐ Kr Rb ☐ Sr ☐ Y☐Y☐ Zr ☐ Nb ☐ Mo ☐ Tc ☐ Ru ☐ Rh ☐ Pd ☐ Ag ☐ Cd ☐ In ☐ Sn ☐ Sb ☐ Te ☐ I☐I☐ Xe Cs ☐ Ba ☐ L Hf ☐ Ta ☐ W☐W☐ Re ☐ Os ☐ Ir ☐ Pt ☐ Au ☐ Hg ☐ Tl ☐ Pb ☐ Bi ☐ PoAtRn Fr ☐ Ra ☐ ARfDbSgBhHsMtDsRg L La ☐ Ce ☐ Pr ☐ Nd ☐ Pm ☐ Sm ☐ Eu ☐ Gd ☐ Tb ☐ Dy ☐ Ho ☐ Er ☐ Tm ☐ Yb ☐ Lu ☐ AAc Th ☐ Pa U☐U☐ Np Pu ☐ AmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLr Unable to analyze on ICP-MS Quantitative Analysis Available

 Helium is used to eliminate polyatomic interferences  Useful for trace analysis in high matrix samples Interference Removal Collision Cell Technology Problem: Trace copper in seawater (High Matrix NaCl, H2O, N2)  Cu+ (m/z) = 63 or 65  a) Na+ (m/z) = 23 NaAr+ (m/z) = 63  b) Cl+ (m/z) = 35  NOCl+ (m/z) = 65 Solution:  a)NaAr+ + He  Na+ + Ar + He dissociation  b) NOCl+ + He  NO + Cl+dissociation  c)Cu+ + He  Cu+ + He no reaction

 Effects of high pressure pasteurisation evaluated on freshly squeeze apple juice  Juice samples were subjected to various pressures while being cold pasteurised  Mineral content increased linearly with increasing pressure Solution ICP-MS Minerals in Juice

 Novel ruthenium anti-cancer compounds were synthesised  Several were found to have the same IC50 value in HCT116 cells (human colon carcinoma)  Cell uptake studies are performed to determine how much compound is absorbed over time Drug Screening Cell Uptake data of Anti-Cancer Ruthenium compounds (Data courtesy of Mario Kubanik, Hartinger Group, SCS.) Cell Uptake MaKu 144 MaKu 146

Hyphenation UV Spectra of Cisplatin and GMP (Data courtesy of Hannah Holtkamp, Hartinger Group, SCS.) CE-ICP-MS Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) separates analytes under the influence of an electric field

Hyphenation CE-ICP-MS Time resolved analysis (chromatogram) of cisplatin and GMP (Data courtesy of Hannah Holtkamp, Hartinger Group, SCS.) CE-ICP-MS  Overlaying spectra allowed simultaneous determination of Pt and P, and thus the presence of a Cisplatin-GMP complex  Method can be applied to proteins

Other Analysis  Environment  Mineral content of marine mussel shells  Manufacturing  Composition of metallic alloys  Health  Gold content in colloidal suspensions

Summary  Extremely sensitive (ppt - %)  Full spectrum of elements  Except C, N, H, O, He, Ne, F, Ar  Fun & exciting tool for research!