EUROPEAN EXPLORATION Complete Chart on Explorers

Source

Catholics not happy Source

Physical Geography of the Russian Domain

Geography

1400’s

The First CZAR Ivan III Czar? Tsar?How? / Why? And what does It all mean anyway? Zoe (Sophia) of Byzantium Refusing the Khan

Ivan III -- Ivan the Great Ivan III (1462 to 1505) Defeated Mongols Named himself ‘tsar’ –Caesar (emperor) in Russian Tripled territory Moscow: “The Third Rome”

Ivan IV “The Terrible” Consolidated power in 16th century Ruthless, killed all who opposed Established law Built St. Basil’s

The Romanov’s ( ) Michael Nicholas II

Peter the Great ( )

Catherine the Great German princess –Married heir to throne –An ‘incompetent moron’ –Consented to his murder Ruled 1762 to 1796 Expanded empire –Defeated Ottomans –Swallowed Poland

Ethnicities of Russian Empire (at its height) Great RussiansUkrainiansPoles White RussiansJewsKirghiz TartarsFinnsGermans LatviansBashkirsLithuanians ArmeniansRoumaniansEstonians MordviniansGeorgiansTadzhiks TurkmensAnd many other smaller groups Ethnic Russians made up less than HALF of the total population!

How was Russia Ruled? Unlimited or absolute monarchy Nobility served the crown Nobility also ran central government

Orthodox Church Most deeply religious ‘Red corner’ at home Priests paid by state Blind obedience to God = Blind obedience to Tsar

Ivan IV (the terrible) 1530 to 1584 Catherine the Great 1729to :00-36:40

7. “The All-Russian Empire is unique in the world!” –official Russian document from 1785 Do you agree with this assessment? Why or why not? Support your response using specific examples and details from the chapter (i.e. compare the Russian empire to the Spanish and British empires in the Americas).

New Dynasty Old Dynasty Problems New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven Old Dynasty Taxes too much Stops protecting people Lets infrastructure decay Treats people unfairly Old Dynasty Taxes too much Stops protecting people Lets infrastructure decay Treats people unfairly Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes… Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven Problems Floods earthquakes Peasant revolt Invaders Attack Bandits raid countryside Problems Floods earthquakes Peasant revolt Invaders Attack Bandits raid countryside New Dynasty Brings peace (Re)builds infrastructure Gives land to peasants Protects people New Dynasty Brings peace (Re)builds infrastructure Gives land to peasants Protects people

8. What were the major features of Chinese empire building in the modern era?

Puning Temple, built to commemorate the defeat of the Dzungars SOURCESOURCE Manchu bannerman

9. How did Mughal attitudes and policies toward Hindu’s change from the time of Akbar to that of Aurangzeb?

Who are the Mughals? Source What was India like before the Mughals?

10.The author of your text claims that: “The Ottoman encounter with Christian Europe spawned admiration and cooperation as well as fear and trembling.” Explain, using specific examples from the chapter for each pair of adjectives in italics, what the author meant.

Great Turkish War - a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers, then joined into a Holy League, during the last decades of the 17th century

11.In what ways did the empires of this era (the early modern era) continue patterns of earlier empires? In what ways did they depart from those patterns?