MACROMOLECULES OF LIFE Found in all living things Building blocks of all cells Macro = big Molecule = atoms connected together Monomer= 1 unit Polymer = Many units joined together

4 Macromolecules: Made up of the atoms: Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Elements in macromolecules: 1.Carbohydrates  C, H, & O 2.Lipids  C, H, & O 3.Proteins  C, H, O, N, & S 4.Nucleic Acids  C, H, O, N, & P

Carbohydrates Monomer: sugars Function: Provides energy and structural support Foods: breads, cereals, vegetables, fruits, Picture:

Lipids/Fats Monomer: fatty acids Functions: stores energy Foods: butter, margarine Picture: made of fatty acid molecules that consist two distinct regions: Hydrophilic head Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tail Hydrophobic tail

Proteins Monomer: amino acids Function: structure, movement, transport, regulation Some are called hormones, enzymes, Foods: meat, eggs, milk, nuts, beans Picture:

DNA / RNA Monomer: Nucleic Acids Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine, Uracil Functions: DNA gives instructions for the proteins– RNA helps Foods: fish, fruits, beans (any whole food) Picture:

Enzymes - Are proteins -Catalyst for chemical reactions (is not used up) -Put together or take apart molecules - Enzymes examples Amylase - breaks down sugar Amylase - breaks down sugar Proteases - break down proteins Proteases - break down proteins

Factors that affect enzyme action: 1.Temperature – 37oC best for human enzymes 2.pH – different for each enzyme a. 7 for amylase in the mouth b. 2 for pepsin in the stomach c. 8 for trypsin in the intestines 3.Concentration of enzyme and substrate 4.Co-enzymes – helpers such as minerals and vitamins