Section 13.5 Complex Mixtures and Structures Bill Vining SUNY Oneonta

What is responsible for water and oil not mixing? A.Need to break water H-bonds B.Need to separate oil molecules C.Entropy of oil D.Entropy of water

What is responsible for highly charges salts being not so very soluble? A.Need to break water H-bonds B.Need to separate ions of high charge C.Entropy of oil D.Entropy of water

Hydrophilic groups: Hydrophobic groups: –OH and –NH groups and charged groups Examples: CH 3 OH, NH3, H-O-O-H Long hydrocarbon groups: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Examples: CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Cl

Proteins

Why do Proteins Fold?

What is responsible for proteins folding? A.Avoid breaking water H-bonds B.Need to separate hydrophilic groups C.Entropy of oil D.Entropy of water

Without lipids, you’d fall apart.

What holds DNA together?

DNA Base Pairs: Hydrogen Bonding

Sodium stearate: made by saponification of oils and fats (fat + base = soap) Surfactants: “Amphiphilic” Sodium lauryl sulfate (from coconut and palm oils)

Laundry!

What is responsible for micelle formation?

Hard Water and Phosphate Solubility

Fabric Softener and Hair Conditioner Cationic Surfactants: (CH 3 ) 3 N +

Colloids: mixture of different phases that do not separate

Emulsions: Milk surface proteins

Colloids: mixture of different phases that do not separate

Alloys: mixtures of metals 24 K gold = pure gold = not very good for jewelry