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Click a subsection to advance to that particular section. Advance through the slide show using your mouse or the space bar. Immigration and Urbanization (1870–1914) The New Immigrants Cities Expand and Change Social and Cultural Change Immigration and Urbanization ( ) Witness History: The New American City

The New Immigrants Sec 1: The New Immigrants New Immigrants Come to America Main Idea: In contrast to “old” immigrants, “new” immigrants were often unskilled, poor, Catholic or Jewish, and likely to settle in cities rather than on farms. By 1900, immigrants from southern and eastern Europe made up over 70 percent of all immigrants. Many native-born Americans felt threatened by these newcomers with different cultures and languages. Immigrants Decide to Leave Home Main Idea: Two types of factors lead to immigration. Push factors are those that compel people to leave their homes, such as famine, war, or persecution. Pull factors are those that draw people to a new place, such as economic opportunity or religious freedom. Many immigrants in the late nineteenth century had both push and pull factors that helped them decide to leave the familiar for the unknown. The Immigrant Experience Main Idea: Immigrant experiences varied greatly. However, there were common themes: a tough decision to leave home and family, a hard and costly journey with an uncertain end, and the difficulties of learning a new language and adjusting to a foreign culture. Millions of people decided that the possibilities outweighed the risks and set out for the United States. Continued…

Sec 1: The New Immigrants (con’t) Opportunities and Challenges in America Main Idea: Once in America, immigrants immediately faced tough decisions such as where to settle and how to find work. On top of that, most had to learn a new language and new customs. Lucky immigrants had contacts through family and friends who could help them navigate a new and strange world. Immigrants Change America Main Idea: Despite opposition, immigrants transformed American society. They fueled industrial growth, elected politicians, and made their traditions part of American culture. Witness History: Looking Forward and Back Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas Chart: Immigration, Color Transparencies: Chinatown Analyzing Political Cartoons: Keeping Foreigners Out History Interactive: Experience Ellis Island The New Immigrants (continued…)

Reading Skill: Main Ideas Note Taking: Reading Skill: Main Ideas NOTE TAKING

Immigration, Chart: Immigration CHART

Chinatown Transparency: Chinatown TRANSPARENCY

Analyzing Political Cartoons: Keeping Foreigners Out TRANSPARENCY Transparency: Analyzing Political Cartoons: Keeping Foreigners Out

Cities Expand and Change Sec 2: Cities Expand and Change America Becomes a Nation of Cities Main Idea: In the late nineteenth century, America experienced a period of urbanization in which the number of cities and city dwellers increased dramatically. Urban people worked on schedules, rode trolley cars, paid rents to live in apartment buildings, and interacted with many strangers. Over time, their urban values became part of American culture. Technology Improves City Life Main Idea: As cities swelled in size, politicians and workers struggled to keep up with the demands of growth to provide water, sewers, schools, and safety. American innovators stepped up to the task by developing new technologies to improve living conditions. Urban Living Creates Problems Main Idea: Growing cities faced many problems caused by overcrowding and poverty. As immigrants and rural migrants arrived, they crowded into neighborhoods that already seemed to be overflowing. Housing conditions deteriorated, and risks arose from fire, crime, conflict, and lack of sanitation. Witness History: A Fiery Tide Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas Geography Interactive: Growth of Cities, Continued…

Cities Expand and Change (continued…) Sec 2: Cities Expand and Change (con’t) Color Transparencies: Subway Systems Change Cities Chart: Technology Advances

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING

Subway Systems Change Cities Transparency: Subway Systems Change Cities TRANSPARENCY

Technology Advances Chart: Technology Advances CHART

Social and Cultural Trends Sec 3: Social and Cultural Trends Americans Become Consumers Main Idea: As a result of industrialization and urbanization, more people began to work for wages rather than for themselves on farms. At the same time, more products were available than ever before and at lower prices. This led to a culture of conspicuous consumerism, in which people wanted and bought the many new products on the market. Mass Culture Main Idea: One of the effects of the spread of transportation, communication, and advertising was that Americans all across the country became more and more alike in their consumption patterns. Rich and poor could have similar clothing styles, gadgets, toys, and food preferences. This phenomenon is known as mass culture. New Forms of Popular Entertainment Main Idea: Urban areas with thousands of people became centers for new types of entertainment in the Gilded Age. Clubs, music halls, and sports venues attracted large crowds with time and money to spend. The middle class also began to take vacations, while the working classes sought chances to escape from the city, even if just for a day. Witness History: America Takes to Wheels Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas Continued…

Sec 3 Social and Cultural Trends (con’t) Infographic: New Ways of Shopping Color Transparencies: Mail Order Catalogs Chart: U.S. Literacy Rates, Color Transparencies: Educating Americans Social and Cultural Trends (continued…)

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas Reading Skill: Identify Main Ideas NOTE TAKING

New Ways of Shopping INFOGRAPHIC Infographic: New Ways of Shopping

Mail Order Catalogs Transparency: Mail Order Catalogs TRANSPARENCY

U.S. Literacy Rates, Chart: U.S. Literacy Rates, CHART

Educating Americans Transparency: Educating Americans TRANSPARENCY