NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Born 1769 – Corsica Sent to military school at age of Second Lieutenant in artillery Napoleon

1795 Defended National Convention against royalist rebels Hero and savior of French republic 1796 Appointed to lead troops against Austria

Swept into Italy and defeated Austrian army 1798 Next led troops in Egypt to protect trade interests Defeated by Horatio Nelson Rosetta Stone Sphinx

 1799  Returned to Paris  Leads a coup d'état  Dissolves Directory  Title of First Consul of France  dictator

1802 Peace treaties with Russia, Britain, and Austria Peace in Europe for first time in ten years

Under Napoleon Established first centralized Bank of France France’s government was cleaned up Reestablished Roman Catholic Church Reformed legal system Napoleonic Code

1804 Crowned emperor of France Took crown from Pope and placed on own head Signal he was more powerful than Church

1805 – 1807 Defeated Austrian, Prussian Russian armies Grand Empire 1.French Empire 2.Dependent states – ruled by relatives (ensure loyalty) 3.Allied states - Defeated by and forced to join against Britain Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden Spread revolutionary ideas Legal equality Religious tolerance Economic freedom Empire

factors of defeat 1.Continental System Blockade of Great Britain 2.Nationalism 3.Invasion of Russia (1812) Scorched - earth

1812 Napoleon marched army of 500,000 into Russia Scorched Earth Easily reached Moscow Long, cold winter forces Napoleon to retreat Russians attack with Prussians French troops defeated 300,000 dead

1814 Forced to abdicate throne Exiled to Elba

Louis XVIII reclaims throne Unpopular with people Napoleon escapes Elba Welcomed Army joins Battle of Waterloo British and Prussians defeat French Exiled to St. Helena 100 Days

Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, France Klemens von Metternich 1.Containment of France Make weaker countries around France stronger Kingdom of Netherlands German Confederation Switzerland Sardinia (Italy) Congress of Vienna

2. Balance of Power Kept France strong 3. Legitimacy Restore rulers to thrones Congress of Vienna

First time entire continent cooperated Settlements were fair No hard feelings Come to one another’s aid Time of peace (40 years) Congress cont.

Legacy Nationalism Rise of democracy Ensure equality and justice Congress cont.