Bellwork (back of books) What are the characteristics of…? a) a rural area b) an urban area What cities in the world do you think have a population of over 1 million? Make a list…

World Urbanisation Learning Objectives: To be able to… 1.Define the term urbanisation 2.Explain the causes of urbanisation in LEDCs 3.Develop casestudy details of urbanisation and how it links to migration

What is urbanisation? Discuss on your tables what you think urbanisation is Present this in the form of a spider diagram

What is urbanisation? Mostly happening in LEDCs In % of the world’s population lived in cities In 1800 only 3% of the population lived in cities Urbanisation is the increase in proportion of people living in cities and towns Gathered pace from 1950 onwards Most developed countries urbanised in the late 1800s

"the process by which there is an increase in the proportion (not number) of people living in urban areas”

Key World Cities Terms World Cities : cities which have a major impact on world events. Often major financial centres (London, New York, Singapore, Tokyo) or major political centres (Washington, Beijing, Moscow), or major cultural centres (Los Angeles, Paris) Megacities : cities with over 10 m inhabitants (20 in 2009, 15 are in LEDCs) Millionaire Cities : cities with over 1m inhabitants

The population of the world is increasingThe population of the world is increasing More and more of the people of the world are living in citiesMore and more of the people of the world are living in cities

Urbanisation is most rapid in cities in LEDCsUrbanisation is most rapid in cities in LEDCs Cities like Dhaka in Bangladesh, Delhi in India and Lagos in Nigeria are getting bigger with rapidly growing populationsCities like Dhaka in Bangladesh, Delhi in India and Lagos in Nigeria are getting bigger with rapidly growing populations The number of MEGA CITIES (population over 10 million) is increasingThe number of MEGA CITIES (population over 10 million) is increasing December 15 th 2006 – from this date more people on earth live in CITIES than in RURAL areas. The first time this has happened in human history. A new milestone for humanityDecember 15 th 2006 – from this date more people on earth live in CITIES than in RURAL areas. The first time this has happened in human history. A new milestone for humanity The number of people living in urban areas globally…

World Urbanisation – Causes Some of the population growth in cities is from natural increase (more births than deaths to people already living in cities) People migrating from other countries (international migration) The greatest cause of urban growth is MIGRATION – from RURAL areas to URBAN areas

Why have these people moved to the city?

Push-pull model People move because they think life will be better in Urban areas There will be factors which PUSH them from where they live now (RURAL ORIGIN) PULL them to a new place (URBAN DESTINATION)

The push from the countryside: Lack of jobs other than poorly paid farm work Lack of services such as doctors Lack of opportunity for life to be better for your children The pull of the cities: Chances of regular paid work Chances of better health services and schools. Chances of a more interesting life Better prospects for children to survive and thrive Desperation to avoid starvation in the rural areas.

Rapid RURAL-URBAN migration is one of the main causes of rapid city growth in LEDCs Cities in S. America have passed their fastest growth rate. Cities in Asia are growing at their fastest at the moment Cities in Africa have yet to grow at the maximum rate Cities in N. America and Europe are DECLINING as people choose to leave them... This is called…

BBC BBC link

1. Click on the link ‘urban explosion’. Use a the blank world map, mark on and name the million cities in 1955, and then using a new colour for each decade – mark on and name each new city as it appears on the map (Add a key!) What do you notice about : a) the overall location pattern of all the major cities in the world b) The changing distribution pattern of the major cities What was the world’s Rural/urban balance in 1955? What will it be by 2015? In which year does it pass the 50:50 value to favour urban dwellers? How do you account for this change? (Why has this change happened?) 3. Use the scroll time-line on the population change in the continents. Which 2 continents show the most dramatic growth in total population? What do you notice about Europe’s population compared to the others? Looking at the proportion of rural/urban dwellers, what’s the evidence that S. America has seen its fastest urban growth already? Which continent’s cities are growing most rapidly now? What is the prospect for Africa’s cities in the future – and how can you tell?

What changes in urban areas are being described in the cartoon above ? (5 marks)