Spanish North America Ch. 1 Section 2 Columbus

The Goal Columbus hoped to find a route to Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Read “A Personal Voice” on p. 14 What is the other motive?

Columbus October 1492 Columbus reached what he thought were the Indies A series of islands off the coast of Asia He referred to the people as, los indios (Indians) He actually reached islands in the Caribbean Cuba and Hispaniola

Columbus Thrilled with his discoveries, the Spanish monarchs funded 3 more voyages New goal: colonize the new lands Europeans had already colonized other lands, so they knew the ropes

Columbus Spain’s Plan: Profit from a plantation system Using natives as forced labor Use innovative European weaponry to dominate the native peoples

Impact on Native Americans Devastated by the arrival of the Europeans No immunity to diseases: measles, mumps, chickenpox, smallpox, typhus Killed by the thousands

Impact on Africans As Native Americans were killed by disease, new work force was needed Beginning of the Atlantic slave trade Devastated many West African societies By the 1800s, more than 10 million Africans were taken as slaves

Impact on Europeans Europeans migrated to the new land by the thousands Searched for a new life National rivalries were created in Europe Treaty of Tordesillas Spain and Portugal agreed to divide the Western Hemisphere between them

Trade Columbian Exchange Global transfer of goods that continues today See p. 15 Many new Spanish explorers made voyages to the Americas in search of gold and silver These conquistadors conquered much of the Americas

Hernando Cortes Landed in Mexico in 1519 Montezuma Learned of the wealthy Aztec Empire Montezuma Aztec Emperor, believed Cortes was a god Agreed to give a portion of the gold to the Spaniards Cortes forced the Aztec to mine for more gold and silver The Aztec rebelled Cortes and his men stoned Motezuma before being repelled by the Aztec

Hernando Cortes Cortes returned to Tenochtitlan with native allies Aztecs were weakened by diseases Spaniards burned the city after several months of fighting

Spanish Conquest Lived among the natives Hoped to impose their culture on them Intermarried with native women, formed a mestizo population Mixed Spanish and Native American Forced them into labor Encomienda system Natives worked the land and mined for Spanish landlords

Against Encomiendas Not all Europeans agreed with the harsh treatment of the natives Read “Personal Voice” p. 18 In 1542, Spanish monarchy abolished the Encomienda system However, it was still practiced long after this Began using enslaved Africans to meet their labor needs Picture: Statue of Fray Antonio de Montesinos

Spain’s Golden Age After the conquest of the wealthy Inca Empire in South America, Spain had gained a vast empire

Missions Missions were set up to convert the natives to Christianity Spread throughout the empire, especially in Mexico and the Southwest Many still stand today and are used See the typical mission on p. 19

Negative Effects of the Missions Separated from families and culture If you converted to Christianity, you were required to live inside the mission Those who tried to leave were punished Gave up self-government Adopted European culture Dress, food, etc. Forced labor and abused Not allowed to practice their own religion

Resistance Pueblo religious leader, Pope Led an organized uprising against the Spanish in 1680 Destroyed Catholic churches, killed settlers and priests Regained control for 12 years until the Spanish recaptured the area In 1588, England defeated the Spanish Armada (naval fleet) No longer did Spain dominate the Atlantic England began to colonize North America Picture: Defeat of the Spanish Armada, which was designed to invade England

In-class Activity/HW Primary Source  In-Depth Resources The Journal of Christopher Columbus

Video Clip The Explorers: Columbus 20 min.