Outside of cell Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Lipid Bilayer Proteins Transport Protein Phospholipids Carbohydrate chains Structure of the Cell Membrane Go to Section: Animations of membrane structure

Cell Boundaries/ Cell Membrane Animal cellPlant cell Cell / Plasma Membrane Cell Wall – provides support & protection, usually made of tough fibers

Complex barrier separating the cell from it's external environment – Holding cytoplasm within cells – Regulating substances entering and exiting cells – Recognizing other cells – Provides protection and support Is arranged in a double layer called a Lipid Bilayer – Made up of Phospholipids (a phosphate group & 2 fatty acids) 1. The Cell Membrane

"Selectively Permeable" membrane that regulates (like a gate) what passes into and out of the cell

Cell Membranes are FLUID Lipids and Proteins of the Cell Membrane are always in motion 1. The Cell Membrane

Membrane Proteins – PROTEIN MOLECULES are EMBEDDED in the Lipid Bilayer – HELP to MOVE Material INTO and OUT of the Cell 1. The Cell Membrane

– Often have carbohydrates attached to them to serve as I.D. badges that allow cells to recognize each other 1. The Cell Membrane

Diffusion – Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (no energy required) (put dye in water) Osmosis – Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane 1. The Cell Membrane

Facilitated Diffusion / Passive Transport – Uses proteins to move molecules through a cell membrane along the concentration gradient (no energy required) 1. The Cell Membrane

Active Transport – Uses proteins to move molecule against the concentration gradient – Requires energy 1. The Cell Membrane

Exocytosis and Endocytosis Exocytosis – process of a cell releasing materials (exiting) Endocytosis – process of cell taking materials in (entering) Exocytosis

Example of both: Nerurotransmitter

Isotonic – The concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell – Water moves in and out Hypertonic – Solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell – Water moves out Hypotonic – Solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell – Water moves in

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Adiffusion Bfacilitated diffusion Cosmosis Dpassive transport Eactive transport Which cell process will move substances against a concentration gradient? [NC08 EOC] Requires ENERGY

Which diagram represents active transport? [TN09 EOC]