Cell Theory 1.All living things are made of one or more cells 2.All cells arise from other cells

Cells Must Be Small!!!! Humans have over 100 trillion cells Size range from 5 nanometers to 20 nanometers All things coming and going must cross the cell membrane If the cells surface area to volume ration is to low things will take to long to happen.

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotes- 1.Simple Single Cells 2.Earliest Known Cells (3.5 bya) 3.Bacteria Only 4.No nucleus or complex organelles 5.Have a Cell Wall

Two Types of Cells Eukaryotes 1.Complex Cells 2.Animals, Plants, Fungi and Protists have this type of cell 3.They have a nucleus and complex organelles 4.Plants, Fungi and some Protists have cell walls Animals do not.

Cell Membrane 1.“The Guard” 2.Defines the shape of the cell. 3.Controls what goes in and out. 4.Made up of Phospholipids

Cell Wall 1.“The 2x4” 2.Found in Plants, Fungi, Bacteria and some Protist. 3.NO ANIMALS have cell walls. 4.Creates strength, and protection 5.Made of Cellulose in Plants

Nucleus “Brain” of the Cell Usually the largest of the organelles Holds DNA and directs the production of proteins

Mitochondria 1.“Power House” of the cell 2.Cellular respiration takes place here 3.Creates ATP (Adenosine Tri-Phosphate) from glucose 3. ATP= usable energy for cell function

Chloroplasts 1.“The Solar Panels” 2.Collects energy from the sun and turns it into sugar (Photosynthesis) 3.Found in photosynthetic organisms 4.Uses the Lipid Chlorophyll (makes plants green) to do it’s dirty work.

Ribosome 1.“Protein Factory” 2.Helps create proteins using mRNA and tRNA during the process of protein synthesis

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 1.“Packaging Plant” 2.Takes proteins from the ribosome and adds things to them to finish the protein

Golgi Complex 1.“UPS Store” 2.Takes Proteins from the ER and packages them for transport around and out of the cell.

Vesicles 1.“Moving Truck” 2.Membrane bound bubble that helps move things into, around, and out of the cell often created by the Golgi.

Vacuole 1.“U-Store It” 2.Stores water, waste and nutrients 3.Huge in plants. 4.Helps give strength to the cell and stores water for later use. 5.Plants will wilt when water is removed from the Central Vacuole.

Steps to Protein Synthesis 1.DNA in the Nucleus opens one gene (instructions for a protein) which is copied by the mRNA. 2.mRNA takes the instructions to the Ribosome 3.The Ribosome creates the protein and sends it to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). 4.The ER finishes the protein and sends it to the Golgi Complex to be packaged in Vesicles and labeled. 5.The Vesicles carry the finished proteins to the Cell Membrane for removal from the cell to be used else ware in the body.