Colonization

What does religious toleration mean? Accepting of someone else’s religionAccepting of someone else’s religion

What immigrants to the New World came involuntarily? AfricansAfricans

Who were the Puritans? English religious groupEnglish religious group Believed the Anglican Church should purify or cleanse itself of Roman Catholic ritual and ceremonyBelieved the Anglican Church should purify or cleanse itself of Roman Catholic ritual and ceremony

What was another name for the Anglican Church? Church of EnglandChurch of England

Where did the Pilgrims settle? Plymouth, MassachusettsPlymouth, Massachusetts

What basic unit of settlement did Puritan church congregations use in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? The TownThe Town

What type of government did the Puritans use in New England town meetings? Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy

What ancient model did New England town meetings follow? Direct Democracy in the ancient Greek city-state of AthensDirect Democracy in the ancient Greek city-state of Athens

What were the two reasons why the Puritans settled in New England? Religious freedomReligious freedom Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity

What European groups settled the Middle colonies? GermanGerman EnglishEnglish DutchDutch

Why did European immigrants settle the Middle colonies? Religious freedomReligious freedom Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity

What served as the major reason for the settlement of Virginia and the other Southern colonies? Economic opportunityEconomic opportunity

What does one call the English nobility who received large land grants in colonial Virginia? CavaliersCavaliers

In what part of colonial Virginia did many poor Englishmen settle? Shenandoah ValleyShenandoah Valley Western VirginiaWestern Virginia

What does one call the colonists who agreed to work for a master for a fixed period of time in exchange for payment of their passage to the New World? Indentured servantsIndentured servants

What was the first permanent English settlement in North America? JamestownJamestown

What was the first elected assembly or lawmaking body in the New World? Virginia House of BurgessesVirginia House of Burgesses

What became the name of the House of Burgesses after independence? Virginia General AssemblyVirginia General Assembly

What regions of the New World did the Spanish explore and settle? The CaribbeanThe Caribbean Central AmericaCentral America South AmericaSouth America

How did colonization affect the Indians? Died in warsDied in wars Pushed off their landPushed off their land Died of European diseases like smallpoxDied of European diseases like smallpox

How did French colonization differ from English colonization? Fewer French colonists than English colonistsFewer French colonists than English colonists French had better relations with the IndiansFrench had better relations with the Indians

What was the result of the Atlantic slave trade? Europeans forced millions of Africans to come to the Americas against their will.Europeans forced millions of Africans to come to the Americas against their will.

What were the three regions of English settlement along the Atlantic coast? New EnglandNew England Middle coloniesMiddle colonies Southern coloniesSouthern colonies

What were the four New England colonies? MassachusettsMassachusetts ConnecticutConnecticut New HampshireNew Hampshire Rhode IslandRhode Island

What was the economic basis of New England? Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming LumberingLumbering ShipbuildingShipbuilding FishingFishing

What is subsistence farming? Growing only enough food to feed one’s familyGrowing only enough food to feed one’s family

What two Puritan values helped the New England colonies succeed? Hard workHard work Thrift (saving money)Thrift (saving money)

Name the Middle colonies according to the Standards of Learning. New YorkNew York New JerseyNew Jersey PennsylvaniaPennsylvania DelawareDelaware

Name two important seaports and trade centers in the Middle colonies. New YorkNew York PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia

What was the economic basis of the Middle colonies? Small-scale commercial (for profit) farmingSmall-scale commercial (for profit) farming ShipbuildingShipbuilding TradeTrade

Name the Southern colonies according to the Standards of Learning. VirginiaVirginia MarylandMaryland North CarolinaNorth Carolina South CarolinaSouth Carolina GeorgiaGeorgia

What was the economic basis of the coastal lowlands in the Southern colonies? Plantations that grew cash crops for export to Great BritainPlantations that grew cash crops for export to Great Britain

What was the cash crop of colonial Virginia? TobaccoTobacco

What were the two cash crops of colonial South Carolina? RiceRice IndigoIndigo

What was the economic basis of the Appalachian foothills in the western part of the Southern colonies? Subsistence farmingSubsistence farming HuntingHunting TradeTrade

What did the English colonists believe about property rights? A strong belief in private ownership of propertyA strong belief in private ownership of property A strong belief in free competitionA strong belief in free competition

What two types of labor systems were used on the plantations in the South? First, indentured servantsFirst, indentured servants Later, African slavesLater, African slaves

What was the background of most of the indentured servants in colonial America? Poor people from:Poor people from: EnglandEngland ScotlandScotland IrelandIreland

Where and when did the first Africans arrive in colonial America? JamestownJamestown

What term refers to the cruel and inhuman transportation of African slaves by ship from Africa to the New World? The Middle PassageThe Middle Passage

What were two results of the labor shortages on the plantations of the English colonies? African slave tradeAfrican slave trade Slave labor systemSlave labor system

Eventually what war was caused by the development of a slavery- based agricultural economy in the Southern colonies? American Civil WarAmerican Civil War

What was the basis of society in colonial New England? Religious standingReligious standing

What was the Puritans’ attitude towards religious dissenters? Were intolerant of dissenters, who challenged Puritan beliefsWere intolerant of dissenters, who challenged Puritan beliefs Intolerant means prejudiced or narrow-mindedIntolerant means prejudiced or narrow-minded

What are religious dissenters? People who disagree with the dominant religionPeople who disagree with the dominant religion

What religious dissenter founded the Rhode Island colony? Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

Why did Roger Williams start the Rhode Island colony? To flee religious persecution by Puritans in MassachusettsTo flee religious persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts

What religious groups settled in the Middle colonies? QuakersQuakers PresbyteriansPresbyterians JewsJews HuguenotsHuguenots

Where did Quakers settle? PennsylvaniaPennsylvania

Where did Presbyterians settle? New JerseyNew Jersey

Where did Jews settle? New YorkNew York

Where did Huguenots settle? New YorkNew York

What socio-economic class developed in the Middle colonies? A strong middle classA strong middle class

How did members of the middle class in the Middle colonies make a living? Skilled artisansSkilled artisans EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs Small commercial farmersSmall commercial farmers

What is an entrepreneur? A business ownerA business owner

What is an artisan? A skilled craftsmanA skilled craftsman

What formed the basis of the social structure in the Southern colonies? Family statusFamily status Land ownershipLand ownership

Who dominated the colonial government and society in the Southern colonies? Large landownersLarge landowners

What was the most important church in the Southern colonies? The Church of England (Anglican Church)The Church of England (Anglican Church)

What socio-economic group controlled the legislatures in the Southern colonies? The PlantersThe Planters

How did colonists make a living in the mountains and valleys of the inland South? Subsistence farmersSubsistence farmers HuntersHunters TradersTraders

What was the background of most of the colonists in the mountains and valleys of the inland South? Scots-IrishScots-Irish EnglishEnglish

Who were the Scots-Irish? Scottish Protestants who had settled in the northern part of IrelandScottish Protestants who had settled in the northern part of Ireland

What religious movement swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700s? The “Great Awakening”The “Great Awakening”

Who was the major leader of the “Great Awakening”? George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield

What two Protestant denominations grew rapidly during the “Great Awakening”? BaptistsBaptists MethodistsMethodists

Why did the “Great Awakening” lay one of the social foundations for the American Revolution? It challenged the existing religious and governmental order in the colonies.It challenged the existing religious and governmental order in the colonies.