Ensuring Humanitarian Access to Health-Related Technologies Wednesday, April 25, 2007 Bringing Hopkins to the Table

“The right to life includes the right to health and access to treatment.” Articles 1&25, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Montreal Statement on the Human Right to Essential Medicines.

“The Scientist’s Story” NYTimes Editorial: March 19, 2001 By William Prusoff. “I once helped create a drug that could enable millions of people to lead better and longer lives…More recently, it became apparent that the drug Dr. Lin and I had developed was not reaching millions of desperately suffering people because they lacked the money to purchase it.”

Impact of Generic Competition: Uganda

Access Gap Ten million people die needlessly each year because they do not have access to existing medicines and vaccines 90% of the world’s Research & Development costs are spent addressing 10% of the global disease burden. Research Gap

The Philadelphia Consensus Promote equal access to research. Promote research and development for neglected diseases. Measure research success according to impact on human welfare.

Paul Farmer Jeffrey Sachs Stephen Lewis Howard Hiatt John Polanyi Marcia Angell Arnold Relman Zackie Achmat Paul Davis D.A.Henderson Chris Beyrer Leonard Rubenstein Jim Yong Kim Alan Berkman Victoria Hale ACT-UP Oakland MSF Oxfam International African Services Committee Global Health Council Signatories

“Biomedical knowledge and achievement is growing at a tremendous pace, but is unmatched by ethical thinking about how to apply the results equitably, humanely and wisely. The universities are forgetting their role as guardians of human wisdom, and instead are selling out to the highest bidders. UAEM has created consensus. Now it is time for the policy makers to act." Sir John Sulston, Nobel Laureate in Medicine

Universities have an opportunity and a responsibility dissemination of knowledge public health university innovation Ball is in our court

Hopkins Mission Statement: “to educate its students and cultivate their capacity for life-long learning, to foster independent and original research, and to bring the benefits of discovery to the world.” Technology Transfer Vision Statement: “Our success will be defined by how effectively we facilitate access to JHU technology…” The Hopkins Vision & Tradition.

Include but are not limited to: Health-Related Innovations

Emory and Emtricitabine/Emtriva Innovations at other universities…

"The goal of maximizing license revenue can sometimes come into conflict with the goal of maximizing the availability and broadest use of UW technology…UW affirm[s] that its primary goal in technology transfer is to maximize the worldwide use and societal benefit of its research and technology." University of Washington

California Institute of Technology Cornell University Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Stanford University University of California University of Illinois, Chicago University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign University of Washington Yale University Association of American Medical Colleges Stanford White Paper

Non-exclusive licensing, with copyleft/patent pool conditionality. Non-exclusive licensing. First-round offer of no-exclusivity. Shorter periods of exclusivity. Exclusivity short auction. We just have to do it.

1. Non-exclusivity 2. Transparency Recommendations

Bayh-Dole Act The purpose of research at Universities has never been profit! No patents primarily concerned with therapeutics or public healthy may be taken out by any member of the University, except with the consent of the President and Fellows; nor will such patents be taken out by the University itself except for dedication to the public.