Chapter 7 Memory.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7 Memory

Memory Process by which we recollect prior experiences, information, skills learned in the past

3 Types of Memory

Episodic Special events, happening to or in the present of the person Flash bulb We photograph many details everyday to recall events.

Generic memory general knowledge Usually do not remember when we acquired the information Most information learned in school

Procedural Memory Skills, procedures you have learned Once skills are learned unlikely to forget

Section 2 3 processes of memory

1st process-Encoding Information is changed (encoded) into a form that can be stored Visual codes see them as a mental picture Acoustic codes repeating out loud (auditory code) (_7_) Semantic codes (bone-dog) (relating to meaning) words, sentences, numbers

2nd process-Storage Maintenance rehearsal Elaborative Rehearsal repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting. (Phone numbers, addresses) Elaborative Rehearsal put the word into sentences (used in education) Organizational everything is put in files, files can be expanded, Filling errors subject to errors, not a perfect system

3rd process Retrieval Locate stored information and returning it to conscious thought. Context-Dependent Memory State-Dependent Memory

Context-dependent memories Are dependent on the place Park church School Memories are encoded at the place

State-dependent memory Emotional state influences memories Moods and emotion that you were in or feeling help bring back memories

Section 3 3 stages of Memory

1st stage- Sensory Memory Immediate, initial recording of information that enter through our senses

2nd stage-Short-term Memory Can disappear after 10-12 seconds unless transferred to long term memory. Dialing a phone number helps you remember it

Primacy Effect Recency Effect Tendency to recall the first items in a series of items Tendency to recall the last items in a series of items

Chunking Interference Organization of items into familiar or manageable units Can put in short-term memory 7 items Takes the places of information that is already in short-term memory

3rd stage-Long-term memory Must take certain steps to store it in long term memory No limit to how much can be stored

Reconstructive Schemas Memories are reconstructed from bits and pieces of our experiences. People will interpret information differently Mental representations that we form of the world by organizing information into knowledge

Forgetting and Memory improvement Section 4 Forgetting and Memory improvement

Forgetting and Memory Improvement

Different kinds of forgetting Repression (Freud) Forget things on purpose

Amnesia Infantile Forgetting of earlier events Anterograde Memory loss caused by trauma Retrograde Period leading up to a traumatic event

Improving Memory Drill and practice Relate to things you already know For unusual association (lion- cats) Construct links Use mnemonic devices (Homes)

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