BELLWORK 1.How was the Cold War different than previous wars? 2.Explain the strategies used to “fight” the Cold War. 3.Describe the main economic and political difference between the West and the USSR. Why would these differences be a threat to one another? 4.What is Stalinism? How is it different than traditional Marxism? 5.In 6 words or less, explain why the US and USSR emerged as superpowers after WWII. 6.THINKER: Many people perceived the US and USSR as “inevitable enemies.” To what extent do you agree with this? What about those two countries made conflict “inevitable?”

How was the Cold War different than previous wars? A conflict of ideas without actual battlefields or armies facing off Political, strategic, economic, and ideological conflicts War of ideologies: Capitalist Democracy vs. Communist one- party state Struggle that contained everything short of war Competing social and economic ideologies

Wars: HOT vs. COLD HOT war- actual fighting between two forces. COLD war- still a conflict but more of ideas than actual battles. Fighting still occurs but not between the two major enemies.

Explain the strategies used to “fight” the Cold War. ConflictDemocratic SupportCommunist Support Greek Civil War ( ) US & UKUSSR & Yugoslavia Arab-Israeli Conflict (1948- present) US & UK Israel USSR, Afghanistan, Palestine, Syria Korean War ( ) US, UK, UN, South Korea USSR, China, North Korea Cuban Revolution ( ) USUSSR & Cuba Laotian Civil War ( ) USUSSR & China Vietnam War ( ) US, South Vietnam, UN USSR, China, North Vietnam Guatemalan Civil War ( ) USUSSR ConflictDemocratic SupportCommunist Support Congo Crisis ( ) US & UKUSSR Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 US & UK Israel USSR Angolan Civil War ( ) USUSSR Afghan-Soviet War ( ) US & UKUSSR Iran-Iraq War ( ) USUSSR Nicaraguan Civil War ( ) USUSSR What is a proxy war?

5 Six major strategies were used by both sides: 1. Brinkmanship, 2. Espionage, 3. Foreign aid, 4.Alliances, 5. Propaganda, 6. Surrogate wars

Describe the main economic and political difference between the West and the USSR. Why would these differences be a threat to one another?

Development of the Cold War United States – U.S. thought that Soviet expansion would continue and spread throughout the world. (“Domino Theory”) – They saw the Soviet Union as a threat to their way of life; especially after the Soviet Union gained control of Eastern Europe Soviet Union – They felt that they had won World War II. They had sacrificed the most (25 million vs. 300,000 total dead) and deserved the “spoils of war.” They had lost land after WWI because they left the winning side; now they wanted to gain land because they had won. – They wanted to economically raid Eastern Europe to recoup their expenses during the war. – They saw the U.S. as a threat to their way of life

What is Stalinism? How is Stalinism different than Marxism? Collectivization Five Year Plans Great Purges Establishment of Gulags How did the Soviet victory over Germany affect Stalin’s power?

Why did the US and USSR emerge as superpowers after 1945? Military Reasons – To defeat Germany, US became #1 air power & USSR became #1 land force – France & Britain could not defeat Germany – USSR lacked strong neighbors = regional power Economic Reasons – US economy strengthened by war – US was committed to open trade – Eastern European nations needed a dependable larger power Political Reasons – Democracy triumphed over fascism – Communism triumphed over fascism – USSR resisted Germany – Stalin’s influence in Europe – USSR’s strength prevented instability in the region

Many people perceived the US and USSR as “inevitable enemies.” To what extent do you agree with this? What about those two countries made conflict “inevitable?”

HOMEWORK Now that you know about the origins of hostilities between the US and USSR, you are going to read about the steps that led to the division. Step One: Wartime Conferences – Tehran, Yalta & Potsdam Read pgs tonight!!!!