Unit 1 - The Atlantic World United States History Mrs. O’Shea

Overview  First Americans???  America before 1500 A.D.  European World before 1500 A.D.  African World before 1500 A.D.  Age of Exploration  Conquistadors  Colonization

First Americans???  Migration – movement of people who want to settle in a new place  Bering Strait – land bridge during Ice Age  Known as the Clovis Theory  Came in waves  Migrated east and south

SKILLS CHECK SKILLS CHECK Meaning of Word Practice Until recently, archaeologists assumed the first Americans were Siberians who crossed the Bering Strait on a land bridge that was made accessible by receding waters during the last Ice Age. Definitions archaeologists accessible receding

SKILLS CHECK SKILLS CHECK Drawing Conclusions (1) What did these first Americans do when they arrived on this continent? (2) Read p. 5 in your textbook. Now, rewrite your answer from above using information from your reading.

America before 1500 What do we know about these people??? These groups had no real written records. Study objects – learn about way people live

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Meaning of Word Practice “The Texas finds… are likely to persuade nearly everyone. The undisturbed condition of the site, a distinct layer of artifact-containing sediment below the Clovis deposits and dating that consistently puts that layer at 13,200 to 15,500 years old is what makes this discovery especially convincing.” Definitions sediment deposits

Group Assignment Loose-leaf paper - Each student completes own work – one paper will be chosen randomly to be graded for the whole group.

Is there evidence of food eaten? Is there evidence of economic activity (trade, money, etc)? What kind of social structure might these people have had? What kind of homes might they have had? Using page 2-3 – try to identify where this group of people lived. What part of North America?

Group Assignment – Wrap-up Bag 1 - Traders Bag 2 - Herders Bag 3 - Farmers Bag 4 - Fisherman Bag 5 - Hunters Gatherers

Diverse Well- populated

European World Early Middle Ages – 500 to 1000 A.D. –Unstable –Rise of Islam – Muslims spread religion throughout North Africa, Arabia and present- day Spain –Feudalism – political system of lords, lesser lords, serfs –Roman Catholic Church ruled.

European World Late Middle Ages – 1000 – 1300 A.D. –New farming techniques ->more people ->need more land –Crusades – unsuccessful attempts by Christians to take back Jerusalem from Muslims -> increased demand for trade goods –Growth of cities -> Middle Class developed (artisans, merchants, traders) ->money economy was revived-> breakdown of feudal system –Rise of Monarchs –Rise of Universities –Black Death – The Plaque

European World Renaissance – 1300 – 1500 A.D. –Rebirth of culture and learning –Produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Shakespeare –Printing Press – makes written word accessible to average person –Reformation – protestant church formed –Nations arose – France, England, Spain, Portugal –Invention of compass, astrolabe, and quadrant, caravel made long sea voyages possible

Europeans Renaissance 1300 A.D. – 1500 A.D. Time of rebirth Emphasis on education, invention, arts (Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) Nations were created – France, England, Spain, Portugal (competitive) Inventions = long sea voyages possible More money – more trade Dark Ages 500 A.D. – 1300 A.D. Fall of Roman Empire War Black Death (Plague) Trade – dangerous - Muslim world was treacherous for Europeans

African World Before 1500 Way of Life Really diverse geographically -> Africans adapted to their surroundings -> Africans diverse Social Structure Organized around family groups – kinships Religion Oral History Customs and beliefs varied (one god, many gods or goddesses, spirits, after-life) Views on Land Land was plentiful. Land ≠ Wealth

African World Before 1500 TRADE Europeans Cloth Iron Copper Jewelry North Africans (Middlemen) West Africans Gold

Explore? Why? Marco Polo – Italian Traveled to China overland Remained in China for 15 years Returned and wrote of travels - “The Travels of Marco Polo” Why is this important? Fueled interest in travel and in goods from Asia

Motives for Exploration 1.Christianity – wanted to spread Christianity 2.Wealth – wanted to make money with trade 3. Fame – wanted to become famous 4. National Pride – competition with other countries 5. Curiosity

1440s - Prince Henry the Navigator - explored west of Africa 1487 Bartholomew Dias - rounded the Cape of Good HopeBartholomew Dias 1498 Vasco da Gama – reached India ALL PORTUGUESE

What Next? Portugal discovered two things about going around Africa to Asia 1) wasn't shorter 2) wasn't cheaper

Review for Quiz Define Migration. Migration from Asia – Bering Land Bridge What is pre-history? Native American Culture – diverse, views on land, trade European Culture - Middle Ages. Renaissance, views on land, trade African Culture – slavery, views on land, trade European exploration Motives for exploration Portuguese explorers

Background Born in Genoa, Italy Trained in Navigator school in Portugal Voyage to “New World” funded by Spain Reasons for Voyage 1. Fame 2. God 3. Trade Route – Competition with Portugal Effects on Native Americans Devastated by disease (smallpox, typhus, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough) Effects on Europeans Wealth (gold, silver, cash crops) Christopher Columbus’s Voyage

ExplorersAreas of Exploration and/or Conquest Reason for Exploration Ponce De Leon Balboa Magellan Cortes Pizzaro Cornado De Soto 2. Label on map the routes of each of the explorers. 1. Complete the chart below using Chapter 2, Sec. 1

ExplorersAreas of Exploration and/or Conquest Reason for Exploration Ponce De Leon FloridaLooking for Fountain of youth BalboaPanamaExploration - First European to see Pacific Ocean from American continent MagellanBrazil and southern tip of South America (Strait of Magellan) Sail around Earth??

ExplorersAreas of Exploration and/or Conquest Reason for Exploration CortesAztec Empire – present-day Mexico Conquer Aztecs PizzaroInca Empire – present-day Peru Conquer Incas CoronadoPresent-day Texas and as far north as Kansas Looking for “golden cities” De SotoPresent-day Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma. Looking for “golden cities”

Conquistadors and Colonies God, Glory, Gold Spanish Conquerors = Conquistadors – Spanish built empires in Americas Did not drive natives out of lands, forced them to be part of colonial system