Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels

Circulatory System: Blood Vessels

Blood Vessel Circuits Pulmonary Circuit  Rt. Ventricle  Lungs  Lf. Atrium Systemic Circuit  Lf. Ventricle  Body Organs  Rt. Atrium

Blood Vessel Types

Blood Vessel Order, Type, Location

Blood Vessel Connections

Blood Vessels in Hemostasis

Blood Vessel Histology

Artery Types Elastic artery Muscular Artery

Artery and Vein

Artery, Vein, Nerve [VAN]

Artery and Vein Compared

Muscular (distributing) arteries / veins

Arteriole

Microcirculation

Capillary Types  Continuous  Fenestrated  Sinusoidal /Discontinuous Function

Capillary Types

Blood Brain Barrier

Fenestrated Capillaries lungs kidneys

Blood Vessels: Capillary vs. A. / V. capillary A A V N N A = artery V = vein N = nerve

Valves

Skeletal Muscle Pumps

Vascular (venous) sinuses Define Examples  Dural sinuses  Coronary Sinus

Varicose Veins

Pulmonary Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit Route Right Ventricle Pulmonary Trunk Rt./Lf. Pulmonary aa Rt./Lf. Pulmonary arterioles Rt./Lf. Pulmonary capillaries Rt./Lf. Pulmonary venules Rt./Lf. Pulmonary veins Left Atrium

Systemic Circuit

Aortic Arch: Human Specimen

Artery and Vein Generalized

Aortic Arch Branches

Blood Vessels and Nerves of the arm

Carotid and Vertebral Arteries

External Carotid Artery Branches

Carotid Arteries and Vagus Nerve

Circle of Willis

Cerebral Blood Supply from Willis

Basilar and Internal Carotid Arteries

Sheep Brain Specimen

Abdominal Aorta

Arterial Pathways Summarized

Venous Return from Upper Body

Venous Drainage from Brain

Venous Return from the Lower Body

PosteriorAnterior

PosteriorAnterior

Pulse Points Identify major pulse point areas Define pulse Define pulse pressure How does pulse relate to CO? Determine Blood pressure

Special Circulations Anastomosis  Heart  Brain  Kidney Portal Systems  Liver  Hypothalamus Fetus

Anastomosis Define Types  Arterial  Venous  Surgical Function  Collateral circulation

Coronary Circuit Ascending Aorta  Right Coronary Artery Posterior Interventricular a. Marginal a.  Left Coronary Artery Anterior Interventricular a. Circumflex a. Cardiac Veins  Great  Middle  Small Coronary Sinus Rt. Atrium

Heart Circulation on Models

Brain Circulation

Arterial Anastomoses

Renal and Liver Circulation Overview

Renal

Hepatic Portal System

Hypophyseal Portal System

Gut Circulation & Hepatic Portal System

Fetal Circulation

Dissection Specimens

Thorax

Thorax and Neck

Abdomen

Front Limb

Hind Limb

Blood Flow Formula  BF = ^P / R Define Terms  BF  Pressure  Resistance Factors  BF Oxygen theory Myogenic theory  BP = CO x PR Neural Hormonal Renal  R : 8Ln / pi x r to 4 th power Length Viscosity Radius

Blood Flow

Resistance, Pressure, Velocity Peripheral Resistance  Vascular diameter Most resistance in small vessels  Vascular Length  Viscosity  Turbulence Rough surface

Change in Vessel Diameter

Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure Factors Neural  Baroreceptors  ANS Vasomotor centers Cardiac center Chemical  Hormonal ADH ANP EPO  Gases: pO2, pCO2 Renal

Renal Blood Pressure Controls

Problems Hemorrhage Circulatory Shock  Compensatory  Progressive  Irreversible

Fluid Compartments

Fluid Percentage for ECF and ICF

Capillary Flow

Pressures at Capillary Source  Heart = Hydraulic [Hydrostatic; changing]  Colloid = Albumin [from liver, constant] Location  BV = Capillary [or blood]  Tissue Spaces = Interstitial 4 pressures as a result of source + location  CHP  COP  IHP  IOP

Fluid Compartments

Fluid Movement

E.M. photo of a Capillary

Capillary Exchange Hydrostatic Pressure (HP)  Outward force  BP from heart directly effects  Forces fluid to leave (arterial end) capillary  ISCF Osmotic Pressure (OP)  Pulling force  Proteins in plasma  Forces fluid from ISCF  capillary (venous end)

Capillary Dynamics

Net Pressures CHP > COP causing filtration CHP = COP causing no net movement CHP < COP causing absorption IHP is fluid left over from previous CO cycle. Usually zero due to lymphatics IOP is fluid left over due to solids not reclaimed by COP. Usually not a factor due to lymphatic system.

Capillary Dynamics Summary

Renal Circulation in capillary dynamics

Capillary Dynamic Changes

Problems Hypertension atherosclerosis aneurysm

Metastasis

Questions?