Section 10.1 Movement and Storage of Groundwater Objectives Describe how groundwater storage and underground movement relate to the water cycle. Groundwater reservoirs provide water to streams and wetlands wherever the water table intersects the surface of the ground.

Where is water stored? In pore spaces under ground. Section 10.1 Movement and Storage of Groundwater Where is water stored? In pore spaces under ground. Pore Spaces: small openings between ground materials (soil, sediment, and rock) Amount of water depends on size of particles variety of particles in a material.

A B C Which do you think has the largest pore spaces? How is B different from A and C?

The Zone of Saturation Water Table upper boundary of the zone of saturation Zone of Saturation Water fills all the pores of a material

The Zone of Saturation Water movement Water moves through the ground in two ways: Some water trickles downward as a result of gravity. 2. Capillary water is drawn upward through capillary action above the water table and is held in the pore spaces of rocks and sediment because of surface tension.

The Zone of Saturation The water table Depth depends on: precipitation with seasonal conditions weather conditions

Groundwater Movement The aquifer is where the permeable layer is saturated. The tendency of a material to let water pass through it is its permeability.

the slope of the water table What determines how fast the ground water moves? the slope of the water table the permeability of the material through which the water flows. When the ground becomes impermeable, a spring emerges.

Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Water is not always available in the quantities and in the locations where it is needed and might be compromised by pollution.

Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Wells Wells are holes dug or drilled into the ground to reach an aquifer. Ordinary wells Overpumping from one well or multiple wells can result in a cone of depression and a general lowering of the water table.

Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Wells

Threats to Our Water Supply Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Threats to Our Water Supply Freshwater is Earth’s most precious natural resource. Changes to groundwater supplies can lead to environmental issues such as a lowered water table, subsidence, and pollution.

Threats to Our Water Supply Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Threats to Our Water Supply Overuse If groundwater is pumped out at a rate greater than the recharge rate, the groundwater supply will decrease and the water table will drop.

Threats to Our Water Supply Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Threats to Our Water Supply Subsidence Another problem caused by the excessive withdrawal of groundwater is ground subsidence—the sinking of land.

Threats to Our Water Supply Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Threats to Our Water Supply Pollution in groundwater The most easily polluted groundwater reservoirs are water-table aquifers, which lack a confining layer above them. When the recharge areas of confined aquifers are polluted, those aquifers can also become contaminated.

Threats to Our Water Supply Section 10.3 Groundwater Supply Threats to Our Water Supply Pollution in groundwater Sources of groundwater pollution include sewage from faulty septic tanks and farms, landfills, and other waste disposal sites. Another source of natural groundwater pollution is radon gas, which is one of the leading causes of cancer in the United States.

Complete the back of the worksheet from yesterday – and turn it in! 