1 MEGA SHIP SALVAGE Challenges or More of the Same? Paul Hankins March 21, 2014

2 MEGA SHIPS MEAN MEGA CARGOES Bulk Containers People

3 Bulker / Tanker Challenges : LIGHTERING where/how does one lighter such a huge quantity of product? FIRE a fire aboard such a mega tanker could rapidly evolve into a watch it burn party. Maybe the answer to lightering is burn it SALVAGE PUMPING a few 6” hydraulic pumps will not be much use if cargo/dewatering in necessary. We are talking about an entirely different scale of response HULL SURVEYS much more time

4 Container Challenges: OFFLOAD new techniques required to offload at sea. RENA offload went at the rate of 5-6 containers per day! FIRE a fire in a container stack is like the perverbial needle. Finding it, isolating it, and extinguishing it become increasingly difficult the deeper it is buried in a stack. HARBOR OF SAFE REFUGE – how about terminal of safe refuge. The fastest way to isolate a fire may be to remove surrounding containers, but that’s only happening at a terminal CARGO MANIFESTS

5 PEOPLE 21,500 souls? Free surface? Damaged stability Time to evacuate Means to get 21,500 people rapidly off the water

6 First concern – Safety of Life at Sea Second concern – Damaged Stability

7 Where We Are… MSC Cruises Signs Letter of Intent to Build Largest Ships to Date BY MIKE SCHULER ON MARCH 20, 2014MIKE SCHULER Two cruise ships due for delivery in 2017 and feet long; 141 feet wide, Gross tonnage of about 167,600 tons, 2,250 cabins for guests, nearly 820 crew cabins, and accommodating 5,700 passengers and 1,536 crew members.

8 Wreck Removal Operations Marine Fire-fighting Natural Disasters & Weather-related Casualties Hull Failures, Sinking, etc.: Strandings and Groundings

9 What’s the Same? –Age old challenges tremendously magnified in scale Lightering techniques – container and bulk Emergency towing – bollard pull increases Firefighting Techniques – small and large scale Structural stress analysis and failure mitigation Wreck removal / demolition / disposal Deep water recovery Design and construction

10 What Needs to Change? New Lightering techniques – container and bulk Larger ships = Larger tugs Firefighting Techniques – small and large scale Faster failure mitigation techniques Wreck removal / demolition / disposal Deep water recovery- Design and construction rigor