Acids, Bases, and pH. Ph Scale – measure of hydrogen ion concentration More acidic – more hydrogen ions.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids, Bases, and pH

Ph Scale – measure of hydrogen ion concentration More acidic – more hydrogen ions

pH and the Environment

Little known facts about acids and bases In many states the highway patrol carries two gallons of Coke in the trunk to remove blood from the highway after a car accident. Coke – pH 3

Little known facts about acids and bases To clean corrosion from car battery terminals: Pour a can of Coca- Cola over the terminals to bubble away the corrosion.

Little known facts about acids and bases One glass of water will shut down midnight hunger pangs for almost 100% of the dieters studied in a University of Washington study. Water –pH 7

What makes a solution acidic or basic? Acids *Acids are ionic compound that break apart in water to form a hydrogen ion (H+). *The strength of an acid is based on the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. The more H+ the stronger the acid. Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid) in water

What makes a solution acidic or basic? Characteristics of Acids: **Acids taste sour **Acids react strongly with metals  (Zn + HCl)  **Strong Acids are dangerous and can burn your skin Examples of Acids: 1. Vinegar 2. Citrus Fruits 3. Stomach Acid (HCl)

What makes a solution acidic or basic? II. Bases *Bases are ionic compounds that break apart to form a negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH-) in water. *The strength of a base is determined by the concentration of Hydroxide ions (OH-). The greater the concentration of OH- ions the stronger the base. Example: NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide-a strong base) in water Solutions containing bases are often called alkaline.

What makes a solution acidic or basic? Characteristics of Bases: **Bases taste bitter **Bases feel slippery **Strong bases are very dangerous and can burn your skin Examples: 1. lye (Sodium Hydroxide) 2. Ammonia

What makes a solution acidic or basic? pH Scale and Indicators The strength of an acid or base in a solution is measured on a scale called a pH scale.

Any pH number greater than 7 is considered a base and any pH number less than 7 is considered an acid. 0 is the strongest acid and 14 is the strongest base

What makes a solution acidic or basic? Indicators-- An indicator is a special type of compound that changes color as the pH of a solution changes, thus telling us the pH of the solution

What makes a solution acidic or basic? Anthocyanins, are plant pigments that can be used a pH indicators because they change color in response to changes in ph.

What makes a solution acidic or basic?

Buffer - an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH Buffering Capacity - The extent to which a buffer solution can absorb the added acid or base while changing little in pH.