PS 3- Properties of Matter

What is the physical property of a substance? What is the physical property of a substance? A characteristic that can be observed directly or measured with a tool WITHOUT changing the composition of it A characteristic that can be observed directly or measured with a tool WITHOUT changing the composition of it

What is the chemical property of a substance? What is the chemical property of a substance? The ability of a substance to undergo a change that will alter the composition The ability of a substance to undergo a change that will alter the composition

What is boiling point, melting/freezing point? What is boiling point, melting/freezing point? A measurement of the temperature at which the phase change takes place A measurement of the temperature at which the phase change takes place What is density? What is density? Relationship between mass and volume Relationship between mass and volume

What is the relationship between phase change and density? What is the relationship between phase change and density? Density changes with phase change Density changes with phase change What is the density formula? What is the density formula? D=m/v D=m/v

Why is density a physical property? Why is density a physical property? Composition does not change when you measure mass and volume Composition does not change when you measure mass and volume How do you find the volume of a regular and an irregular object? How do you find the volume of a regular and an irregular object? Formula; water displacement Formula; water displacement

If a substance is soluble in a solvent it will _______________ in that solvent If a substance is soluble in a solvent it will _______________ in that solvent dissolve dissolve What is solubility? What is solubility? the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent

What is a saturated solution? What is a saturated solution? The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in solvent at a certain temperature The maximum amount of solute is dissolved in solvent at a certain temperature What are examples of solids, liquids, and gases that readily dissolve in water? What are examples of solids, liquids, and gases that readily dissolve in water? Sugar; alcohol; carbon dioxide Sugar; alcohol; carbon dioxide

What is a solution? What is a solution? Composed of 2 substances which retain their own properties Composed of 2 substances which retain their own properties Viscosity is a property of _____________. Viscosity is a property of _____________. fluids fluids Viscosity is the resistance of a substance to ____________. Viscosity is the resistance of a substance to ____________. flow flow

Viscosity will change with ________________________. Viscosity will change with ________________________. temperature temperature A fluid does not change when poured; therefore viscosity is a ________________ property. A fluid does not change when poured; therefore viscosity is a ________________ property. Physical Physical

The ability of a solid to act as an electrical conductor or an electrical insulator is based on the solids ability to complete an _____________ ____________. The ability of a solid to act as an electrical conductor or an electrical insulator is based on the solids ability to complete an _____________ ____________. Electric circuit Electric circuit

Materials such as metal with high conductivity are called electrical _________________. Materials such as metal with high conductivity are called electrical _________________. conductor conductor Material such as sulfur (a nonmetal) with low conductivity are called electrical insulators and do not allow current to ___________. Material such as sulfur (a nonmetal) with low conductivity are called electrical insulators and do not allow current to ___________. flow flow

Solutes that dissolve in water that result in solutions that allow electric current to flow are called ______________. Electrolyte solutions contain ___________. Solutes that dissolve in water that result in solutions that allow electric current to flow are called ______________. Electrolyte solutions contain ___________. electrolytes electrolytes ions ions

What is a chemical property? What is a chemical property? Characteristic that allows a substance to undergo a chemical change Characteristic that allows a substance to undergo a chemical change A chemical change produces a _______ substance. A chemical change produces a _______ substance. new new

Combustibility Combustibility Hydrocarbon and oxygen = carbon dioxide and water Hydrocarbon and oxygen = carbon dioxide and water Oxidize Oxidize Iron rusting Iron rusting Corrode Corrode Silver tarnishing Silver tarnishing Decompose Decompose Hydrogen peroxide => water and oxygen Hydrogen peroxide => water and oxygen

React with acids React with acids Zinc and HCl=> hydrogen balloon Zinc and HCl=> hydrogen balloon Ability not to react Ability not to react Gold Gold

All organic substances contain ________________. All organic substances contain ________________. carbon carbon _____________ are long chains of amino acids. They serve as ____________ and ____________ __________ in humans. _____________ are long chains of amino acids. They serve as ____________ and ____________ __________ in humans. Proteins; enzymes; tissue building Proteins; enzymes; tissue building

___________ are molecules such as ___________ and _____________ that provide energy. ___________ are molecules such as ___________ and _____________ that provide energy. Carbohydrates; sugars; starches Carbohydrates; sugars; starches ___________ are _________ and _________ that produce more energy per gram than carbohydrates. ___________ are _________ and _________ that produce more energy per gram than carbohydrates. Lipids; fats; oils Lipids; fats; oils

What are hydrocarbons? What are hydrocarbons? Contain H and C; combustible Contain H and C; combustible Copper is _________ and conducts ______________ so it is used in wiring. Copper is _________ and conducts ______________ so it is used in wiring. Ductile; electricity Ductile; electricity

Aluminum has a low __________ compared to substances with similar strength, so it is used in airplanes. Aluminum has a low __________ compared to substances with similar strength, so it is used in airplanes. density density

Water is a good ___________ for many compounds, so it is used to wash clothes. Water is a good ___________ for many compounds, so it is used to wash clothes. solvent solvent Argon is an _____________ gas that will not react with the filament, so it is used in light bulbs. Argon is an _____________ gas that will not react with the filament, so it is used in light bulbs. Inert/stable Inert/stable

Elemental substances (elements) are composed of only one type of ____________. Elemental substances (elements) are composed of only one type of ____________. atom atom An atom is the __________ unit of an element that can be involved in a chemical reaction. An atom is the __________ unit of an element that can be involved in a chemical reaction. smallest smallest

All elements are listed on the ___________ ___________ All elements are listed on the ___________ ___________ Periodic table Molecular substances are composed of ______ or more atoms covalently bonded together to make units called __________________. Molecular substances are composed of ______ or more atoms covalently bonded together to make units called __________________. 2; molecules 2; molecules

The chemical and physical properties of a molecular substance are _____________ from the chemical and physical properties of the component elements. The chemical and physical properties of a molecular substance are _____________ from the chemical and physical properties of the component elements. different different

Examples of molecules Examples of molecules CO 2, SO 2, H 2 O and H 2 CO 2, SO 2, H 2 O and H 2 Examples of individual atoms Examples of individual atoms Na, Ar, He, Cu Na, Ar, He, Cu

A ______________ is a pure substance which is composed of only one type of atom. A ______________ is a pure substance which is composed of only one type of atom. element element A ______________ is a pure substance which is composed of more than one type of element. A ______________ is a pure substance which is composed of more than one type of element. compound compound

Properties of a compound: Properties of a compound: Are different than the elements that make them up Are different than the elements that make them up Matter that is composed of 2 or more component substances which retain their own identifying properties, the matter is classified as a _____________. Matter that is composed of 2 or more component substances which retain their own identifying properties, the matter is classified as a _____________. mixture mixture

A mixture can be separated physically because the components of the mixture have different physical properties. Ways to separate are A mixture can be separated physically because the components of the mixture have different physical properties. Ways to separate are Dissolving, decanting, filtering, magnetic separation, evaporating, chromatography, screening Dissolving, decanting, filtering, magnetic separation, evaporating, chromatography, screening

Mixtures can be classified into two groups _______________ and __________________ Mixtures can be classified into two groups _______________ and __________________ Heterogeneous; homogeneous Heterogeneous; homogeneous Components are not distributed evenly throughout a _______________ mixture. Components are not distributed evenly throughout a _______________ mixture. Heterogeneous Heterogeneous

Components are distributed evenly throughout a _______________ mixture. Components are distributed evenly throughout a _______________ mixture. homogeneous homogeneous

Mixtures can occur between: Mixtures can occur between: Gas/gas- air Gas/gas- air Gas/liquid- O 2 in water Gas/liquid- O 2 in water Liquid/liquid- alcohol in water Liquid/liquid- alcohol in water Solid/liquid- sugar in H 2 O Solid/liquid- sugar in H 2 O Solid/solid- steel Solid/solid- steel

MIXTURES MATTER SUBSTANCES Heterogeneous mixtures Homogeneous mixtures ElementsCompounds

What are the 3 components of the kinetic theory? What are the 3 components of the kinetic theory? Matter made up of particles Matter made up of particles Constant, random motion Constant, random motion Collide with each other and the walls of their container Collide with each other and the walls of their container

The higher the temperature the ___________ the rate of dissolving for a solid in a liquid The higher the temperature the ___________ the rate of dissolving for a solid in a liquid faster faster The smaller the size of the pieces of solute the _________ they dissolve. The smaller the size of the pieces of solute the _________ they dissolve. faster faster

The more the solution is agitated (stirred or shaken) the __________ they dissolve. The more the solution is agitated (stirred or shaken) the __________ they dissolve. faster faster Characteristics of solids: Characteristics of solids: Particles are close together Particles are close together Vibrate Vibrate Definite shape Definite shape

Characteristics of liquids: Characteristics of liquids: Particles are in contact Particles are in contact Slip and slide Slip and slide Poured Poured No definite shape No definite shape Characteristics of gases: Characteristics of gases: Particles far apart; move fast Particles far apart; move fast

Characteristics of plasma: Characteristics of plasma: Positive and negative charged particles Positive and negative charged particles Most common in universe Most common in universe The average kinetic energy of particles is called the ___________________. The average kinetic energy of particles is called the ___________________. temperature temperature

What are the evidence(s) that the particles of a substance speed up when heated? What are the evidence(s) that the particles of a substance speed up when heated? Temperature increases Temperature increases Phase change occurs Phase change occurs

What happens to the temperature during a phase change? What happens to the temperature during a phase change? Stays constant Stays constant Can liquids evaporate at any temperature? Can liquids evaporate at any temperature? yes yes

What is sublimation? What is sublimation? Solid to gas (dry ice) Solid to gas (dry ice) What is an acid? What is an acid? Release H+ ions in a solution Release H+ ions in a solution

What is a base? What is a base? Release OH -1 in a solution Release OH -1 in a solution What is the pH scale? What is the pH scale? Way to measure concentration of H+ ions AND measures how acidic or basic something is Way to measure concentration of H+ ions AND measures how acidic or basic something is

How do you measure pH? How do you measure pH? pH paper, litmus paper, pH meters pH paper, litmus paper, pH meters What is the pH range? What is the pH range?

What is the pH of pure water? What is the pH of pure water? 7 What is the pH of acids? What is the pH of acids? Less than 7 Less than 7

What is the pH of bases? What is the pH of bases? Greater than 7 Greater than 7 What are properties of acids? What are properties of acids? Electrolytes; sour taste; litmus red; pH less than 7; react with metals; H written first Electrolytes; sour taste; litmus red; pH less than 7; react with metals; H written first

What are properties of bases? What are properties of bases? Slippery; electrolytes; pH more than 7; litmus blue; OH written last Slippery; electrolytes; pH more than 7; litmus blue; OH written last

What is neutralization? What is neutralization? Acid + base => salt and water Acid + base => salt and water