Mixed cranial nerves.

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Presentation transcript:

Mixed cranial nerves

Cranial nerves are part of the peripheral nervous system. Carry sensory or motor information or a combination and function in parasympathetic nervous system. Cranial nerves I, II and VIII are purely sensory. Cranial nerves III, IV, VI, XI and XII are motor (although also function balance).

Cranial Nerves Indicated by Roman numerals I-XII from anterior to posterior May have one or more of 3 functions Sensory (special or general) Motor (skeletal muscles) Parasympathetic (regulation of glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle) Balance Positional information of body parts

Cranial Nerves Olfactory (I) Optic (II) Oculomotor (III) Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI) Facial (VII) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Also known as auditory Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X) Accessory (XI) Also known as spinal accessory Hypoglossal (XII)

Nervous System II: Cranial Nerves

Cranial nerves

Cranial Nerves Trochlear (IV) Trigeminal (V) Abducens (VI) Visual tracking of eye Trigeminal (V) Sensory (face, nasal cavity, cheeks, lips, skin of mandible) Motor (muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid) Abducens (VI) Motor (1 eye muscle)

Cranial Nerve V Trigeminal Sensory from face, cornea, mouth, nose, temporomandibular joint Motor to muscles of mastication

V Trigeminal Nerve Sensory information from the face and body is processed by parallel pathways in the central nervous system.

Cranial nerves

V: Trigeminal (3 nerves in 1!) V1. Ophthalmic Exits with eye muscle group (superior orbital fissure, through orbit to superior orbital notch/foramina) Sensory to forehead, nasal cavity V2. Maxillary Exits foramen rotundum through wall of maxillary sinus to inferior orbital foramina) Sensory to cheek, upper lip, teeth, nasal cavity V3. Mandibular Exits foramen ovale to mandibular foramen to mental foramen Motor to jaw muscles--Masseter, temporalis, pterygoids, digastric Sensory to chin Sensory to tongue Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves 16

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves 17

CN VI: ABDUCENS AND CN VII: FACIAL Cranial Nerve VI Function: Eye movements Clinical test: lateral eye movement Effects of damage: inability to rotate eye laterally; at rest – eye rotates medially because of action of antagonistic muscles Cranial Nerve VII Function: facial expression; sense of taste Clinical test: motor functions – close eyes, smile, whistle, frown, raise eyebrows; taste Effects of damage: inability to control facial muscles; distorted sense of taste

Cranial Nerves Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Facial (VII) Sensory (taste) Motor (facial muscles, posterior belly of digastric) Parasympathetic (salivary glands, glands of nasal cavity) Vestibulocochlear (VIII) Sensory (hearing and balance) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Sensory (taste, back of mouth, tonsils, middle ear) Motor (1 muscle of pharynx) Parasympathetic (salivary gland, glands of tongue)

Cranial Nerve VII Facial Sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue Motor to muscles of facial expression Parasympathetic to salivary and lacrimal glands Injury causes facial droop, dry eyes, dry mouth

VII Facial Nerve Supplies the muscles of facial expression

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves VII: Facial Nerve (exits cranial cavity with VIII--internal auditory meatus) Facial muscles (five branches fan out over face from stylomastoid foramen) Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical “chorda tympani” (crosses interior ear drum to join V3 ) Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue Submandibular, sublingual salivary glands Lacrimal glands Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves 14

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves 15

Cranial Nerve IX Glossopharyngeal Sensory posterior 1/3 of tongue, auditory tube, pharynx Parasympathetic to parotid gland

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves 12

IX Glossopharyngeal Innervates the muscle that allows you to swallow

CN IX: GLOSSOPHARANGEAL AND CN X: VAGUS Cranial Nerve IX Function: swallowing, salivation, gagging; touch, pressure, taste, and pain sensations from tongue, pharynx, and outer ear Clinical tests: gag reflex, swallowing, and coughing Effects of damage: difficulty swallowing Cranial Nerve X Function: swallowing; taste; speech; respiratory, CV, and GI regulation; sensations of hunger, fullness, and intestinal discomfort Clinical tests: test with cranial nerve IX Effects of damage: hoarseness or loss of voice; impaired swallowing and GI motility Can be fatal if vagus nerve is damaged – 2 routes 26

Cranial Nerve X Vagus Sensory larynx and pharynx Motor to larynx and pharynx Parasympathetic to chest and abdomen

Cranial Nerves Accessory (XI) Hypoglossal (XII) Vagus (X) Sensory (taste, back of mouth, larynx, thoracic and abdominal organs) Motor (muscles of larynx, 1 muscle of tongue) Parasympathetic (thoracic and abdominal organs) Accessory (XI) Motor (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius) Hypoglossal (XII) Motor (tongue and throat muscles)

X Vagus The vagus nerve is the longest of the cranial nerve. Its name is derived from Latin meaning "wandering". The vagus nerve helps to regulate the heart beat, control muscle movement, keep a person breathing, and to transmit a variety of chemicals through the body

Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves 13