Objective 3.02 Prenatal Developmen t PCD Pre= _______ Natal=______ Objective 3.02 Prenatal Developmen t

TERMS Egg (ovum) Uterus – Fallopian Tube Ovary Cervix Vagina female cell needed for reproduction Uterus – Fallopian Tube Ovary Cervix Vagina http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/bodybasics_female_repro.html

Fallopian Tube Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

Ovulation Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries

Hormones Chemicals in the body that cause changes

Uterus Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.

TERMS Sperm Testicle- male organ where sperm are produced male cell needed for reproduction Testicle- male organ where sperm are produced Vas Deferenes – tube that connects the Testicles to the Urethra Urethra – tube that allows urine and semen to be released Ejaculation – the release of semen Semen – a mixture of sperm and other bodily fluids http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/male_repro.html

TERMS Conception (fertilization)-the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy

What happens during conception? #1 Sperm swim through the cervix, through the uterus, into the Fallopian tubes.

What happens during conception? #2 If Egg present, sperm crowd around it and try to break through the surface.

What happens during conception? Only one sperm is successful.

What happens during conception? Fertilization ONLY OCCURS IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBES

What happens during conception? Once inside sperm seals out remaining sperm, which eventually die.

What happens during conception? Fertilized egg, travels down the fallopian tube into uterus and attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION!

Let’s SEE Conception for ourselves!! http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-fertilization_10354435.bc

Implantation Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.

Blastocyst A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining

Amniotic Sac “Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid

Amniotic Fluid Liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy “My water broke.” is a term women use. It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.

Umbilical Cord Long tube that connects the placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby

Placenta Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman rich in blood vessels transports food and oxygen from mom to baby Transports waste from baby to mom

Full Term Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.

Prenatal Terms Quickening Lightening 4-5th month When mother feels that baby move Lightening Baby drops into pelvic area before birth

Order of Development A baby’s development is grouped into three stages: Zygote Embryo Fetus.

1st Stage: Zygote/Fertilized Egg Conception-2 weeks of pregnancy fertilized egg and implantation Travels down fallopian tube Attaches itself to uterus Grows by cell division 2 weeks, size of pinhead

Zygote

2nd Stage: Embryo http://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/embryo/embryo.html# 3-8 weeks 1st-Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body 2nd-Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo 3rd-Placenta 4th-Umbilical Cord

Embryo

The Stages of Zygote & Embryo Division multiply

Let’s take a closer look!!! http://bit.ly/10wwxe

3rd Stage: Fetus Final Stage 2nd-9th Month 1st time child is called fetus Human-like features Fetal movement 4th and/or 5th month Labor occurs Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born

Fetus

Fetus

Trimester 3 month period 3 trimesters = full term pregnancy 1st trimester – months 1, 2, 3 2nd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 3rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9

“Trimester Graphic Organizer”

1st Trimester http://www.babycente r.com/fetal- development-images- 3-weeks

First Trimester - First Month Baby Size of a pin head at two weeks Egg attached to lining of the uterus. Called Zygote until it attaches then becomes an embryo The heart, which is no larger than a poppy seed, is beating. Internal organs and circulatory system begin to form Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop Mother Missed period Enlarged breasts Frequent urination

First Month

First Trimester Two Months Baby Zygote 1/4 inch long and has distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Face, eyes, ears, and limb develop. Bones begin to form 8 weeks, changes from embryo to a fetus Will remain fetus until birth Veins are clearly visible. The heart has divided into right and left chambers. Penis begins to appear in boys Baby is moving although the mother can not yet feel movement Mother Swelling of breasts Increased urination due to pressure on bladder Nausea “Morning sickness”

Inside Pregnancy: Boy or Girl? Video:1:54 Inside Pregnancy: Boy or Girl?

Two Months

First Trimester Three Months Mother Breasts firmer/fuller, may ache Nausea Fatique Frequent urination may continue Abdomen slightly larger Wt. gain may total 2-4 lbs. Baby 1 in. long as mth. Begins Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, eyelids form Fingers and toes almost developed All organs present, although immature Begun swallowing and kicking Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler

http://www. babycenter. com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-10-to-14_10308108 http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-10-to-14_10308108.bc

1st Trimester OVERVIEW Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks Do not copy Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks Fertilized attaches to thick lining of uterus Cell division begins Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus All major organ systems form Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by end of this stage At 4 weeks - 1/6 of an inch long Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are forming

Second Trimester Four Months Baby 3 in long Weighs 1 oz. as mth. Begins Can suck thumb, swallow, hiccup, and move around Facial features become clearer Covered with a layer of thick, downy hair called lanugo. Heartbeat can be heard clearly This is when you may feel your baby's first kick. Tooth buds are developing not able to survive outside the mother's body Sex is identifiable Mother Appetite increases Most unpleasantness of early pregnancy, such as morning sickness, usually gone Abdomen cont. to grow slowly

http://www. babycenter. com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-15-to-20_10308111 http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-15-to-20_10308111.bc

4 months

Second Trimester Five Months Mother Enlarged abdomen becomes apparent Slight fetal movements increased size of abdominal area may begin to affect posture breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum Baby 6 ½-7 inches long weighs almost 4-5 oz. Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear Teeth cont. to develop Organs are maturing Becomes more active Protective coating called vernix caseosa begins to form on baby's skin. ver·nix ca·se·o·sa

Second Trimester Six Months Baby 8-10 in. 8-12 oz. Eyebrows and eyelids are visible. Eyelids begin to part and eyes open sometimes for short periods of time The baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid. started breathing motions. If the mother talks or sings, the baby can hear. Fat deposits under skin, but fetus appears wrinkled Baby is able to hiccup Mother Fetal movements sensed as strong kicks, thumps, and bumps (may be visible) Wt. gain by the beginning of this mth. may total 10-12 lbs.

http://www. babycenter. com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-21-to-27_10312242 http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-21-to-27_10312242.bc

6 Months

2nd Trimester OVERVIEW Stage of the fetus Baby recognizable as human Do not copy Stage of the fetus Baby recognizable as human All internal organs present, but not functioning Quickening: 4th–5th month fetal movement felt 14 weeks muscles lengthen and become organized 16 weeks Can grasp with hands, kick and somersault 20 weeks Can hear and recognize mothers voice Fingernails and fingerprint appear Sex organs are visible 24 weeks: Covered with a fine hair Protected by a waxy substance called vernix Breaths in amniotic fluid

Third Trimester Seven Months Baby 14-16 in. long 1 ½ pounds Periods of activity followed by periods of rest and quiet Body is well-formed Fingernails cover his fingertips Taste buds have developed If born at this time, baby will be considered a premature baby and require special care Mother Increased size may affect posture http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-28-to-37_3658874.bc

Third Trimester Eight Months Baby 14-16 in. long Weighs 2 1/2 and 3 pounds Gaining about half a pound per week Layers of fat are piling on Moves into head-down position in preparation for birth May react to loud noises with reflex jerking action Tremendous brain growth Most body organs are now developed with the exception of the lungs Mother Discomfort may result from increased size of abdominal area backache=fatique Leg cramps=shortness of breath Fetal kicks may disturb the mother’s rest At beginning of mth., wt. gain totals 18-20 lbs

8 months

Third Trimester Nine Months Baby 17-18 in. long Wt. 5-6 lbs Skin becomes smooth as fat deposits cont. Movements decrease as the fetus has less room to move around Acquires antibodies to fight disease from the mother’s blood Moves into pelvis, ready for birth can survive outside the mother's body The lungs mature Mother “Lightening” felt as the fetus drops into the pelvis and decreases pressure on mother’s organs; breathing becomes easier Other discomforts may cont. Total wt. gain 25-35 lbs. is typical False labor pains may be experienced

3rd Trimester OVERVIEW Fetus Last 3 months of pregnancy Do not copy Fetus Last 3 months of pregnancy Capable of living outside the womb LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomen Sleeps 90-95% of the day At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as lifeline and child takes first breath on their own

Ultrasound Exam Video 3:34

Partner up! You will be put into groups to complete the next assignments.

“Name That Month” Directions: Class will be arranged into nine groups. Each group will receive one case study strip. Each group will read the case study (table tent) together to decide which month of the pregnancy is described. Be ready to share your response.

Case Study #1 The zygote is the size of a pin head. The egg is attached to the lining of the uterus. The zygote is attached to the lining of the uterus and becomes an embryo. The mother has missed her menstrual cycle, her breasts have enlarged, and she has to urinate frequently. What month is this? Month 1

Case Study #2 The fetus is 17-18 inches long and weighs 5-6 pounds. The fetus continues gaining weight until the week before birth. The skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue to develop. Movement decreases as the fetus has less room to move around. The fetus acquires antibodies to fight disease from the mother’s blood and moves into the pelvis, ready for birth. The mother feels lightening as the fetus drops into the pelvis; breathing becomes easier. Other discomforts continue, and a total weight gain of 25-35 pounds is typical. False labor pains called Braxton Hicks contractions may be experienced. What month is this? Month 9

Case Study #3 The embryo is ¼ inch long and has developed face, eyes, ears, and limbs. The bones have begun to form. The embryo changes to a fetus and remains a fetus until birth. The mother has swelling of breasts and increased urination due to pressure on the bladder. She is not having nausea or morning sickness. What month is this? Month 2

Case Study #4 The fetus is 3 inches long and weighs one ounce. The fetus can suck its thumb, swallow, hiccup, and move around. The facial features become clearer. The mother’s abdomen continues to grow slowly. Most discomforts of early pregnancy, such as morning sickness, usually are gone. Appetite increases. What month is it? Month 4

Case Study #5 The fetus is about 8-10 inches long and weighs about 8-12 ounces. The mother senses fetal movement as strong kicks, thumps, and bumps---some may be visible. The mother gains as much as 10-12 pounds during this month. What month is it? Month 6

Case Study #6 The fetus is about 14-16 inches long, weighs about 2 ½-3 pounds as the month begins. The weight gain continues rapidly. The fetus may react to loud noises with a reflex jerking action. The fetus moves into a head-down position. The mother may show signs of discomfort from increased size. She might show signs of backache and fatigue along with leg cramps and shortness of breath. The fetal kicks may disturb the mother’s rest. At the beginning of the month, weight gain totals about 18-20 pounds. What month is this? Month 8

Case Study #7 The fetus is about one inch long. Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds and eyelids form. Fingers and toes also develop. All the organs are present, although they are immature. The mother’s breasts become firm and full, and they may ache. Nausea, fatigue and frequent urination are still present. The abdomen becomes slightly larger. The uterus is about the size of an orange. The mother has gained 2-4 pounds. What month is this? Month 3

Case Study #8 The size of the fetus is 14-16 inches long and weighs about 1½ -2 pounds as the month begins. The fetus experiences periods of rest and quiet. The mother’s increased size may affect her posture. What month is this? Month 7

Case Study #9 The fetus is about 6 ½-7 inches long and weighs about 4-5 ounces. Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear and teeth continue to develop. The organs are maturing and the fetus is becoming more active. The mother’s abdomen has become large enough to let others know she is pregnant. Slight fetal movements are felt. Increased size has begun to affect her posture. What month is this?  Month 5

Fetal Development Growth Chart Materials: Construction paper Ruler Scale Colored Pencils PowerPoint Notes Directions: Use materials to create a size chart of the growth of the fetus each month You should chart it on paper, month by month and beside each month measure the size. Look for teachers example.

Fun Way to Remember Directions: Materials: Use teacher’s example to create a fun way to remember the 9 months of pregnancy for Baby and Mother. Materials: Index cards Colored pencils Teachers Mnemonic I will post on document camera

3.02 Fetal Development Test Review Directions: Complete MiTiReLa 3.02 Learning Mode. Record score after clicking daily progress. Teacher will need to see and sign off on your MiTiReLa paper.

Let’s see what you know! Directions: Close eyes and put heads down on desks. I will describe each month of pregnancy. You will hold up the # of fingers corresponding to the month of pregnancy that is described. Teacher will rotate around the room and touch student’s hand if incorrect. If hand is touched you will know you need to try again! If hand is not touched, leaved your fingers up until the next description is called out. Test may consists of 9-18 questions. 

Guided practice You will pick a number 1-9 out of the cup. That # will represent a month of pregnancy. After you have chosen a month, you will find an object in the classroom that would represent the size of the embryo and fetus at each stage of development. After objects are collected, display and give a description of the growth represented by each object.

Independent Practice You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a bulletin board according to the month of pregnancy you choose. Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to read-- words must be big enough to read, no grammatical errors Your bulletin board must provide the following: Pictures 10 points Grammatical Errors 10 points Labels 20 points Content (info discussed in class) 40 points Gather info from notes, textbook, Internet Creative 20 points TOTAL 100 Points