GOES-R Bernie Connell Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University, USA 5 February 2015 NASA image ISS006-E-48196

2 Bernie Connell 1, Timothy J. Schmit 2,3, Jim Gurka 5, Steve Goodman 5, Don Hillger 2,4, Steven Hill 6, And many other contributors GOES-R Program in cooperation with Satellite Hydrology and Meteorology (SHyMet) Forecasters Course 1 Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University 2 NOAA/NESDIS Satellite Applications Research 3 Advanced Satellite Products Branch 4 Regional and Mesoscale Meteorology Branch 5 NOAA/NESDIS/OSD GOES-R Program Office 6 NOAA/NWS Space Weather Prediction Center 7 Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison Content taken and adapted from GOES-R 101

o Why and When? o What Sensors and Capabilities? o What major changes are expected? o How are we evaluating them now? o Examples – lightning, new imager channels (visible, near-IR, WV, IR) and viewing of ice cloud, water cloud, dust, ash o Information Links Outline

To replace the GOES N/O/P (13/14/15) series To maintain continuity of the GOES mission To provide significant increases in spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric resolution of products Why GOES-R?

When?

How are we getting ready? Proving Ground research operations Infuse GOES-R like channels, products and techniques into NWS operations Encourage dialogue and feedback between developers and users.

GOES-R Which Sensors and Capabilities? –Communication Capabilities HRIT/EMWIN, DCS, SARSAT, GRB –Solar and Space Environment SUVI, EXIS, SEISS, MAG –Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) –Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

NOAA/NWS Space Weather Prediction Center Earth-Space Activities disrupted by solar and geomagnetic events Satellite operations Navigation Space Station activities High-altitude polar flights Electric power distribution Long-line telephone communication HF radio communications Pipeline operations Geophysical exploration check out the Education/Outreach link Why are we interested in Space Weather?

Example: 20 January 2005 storm 9 03:00:29 06:50:50 07:00:30 07:50:51

GOES-R Which Sensors and Capabilities? –Communication Capabilities HRIT/EMWIN, DCS, SARSAT, GRB –Solar and Space Environment SUVI, EXIS, SEISS, MAG –Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) –Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

Communication Capabilities Improved user services for direct readout: GOES-R services include: HRIT/EMWIN – High Rate Information Transmission / Emergency Managers Weather Information Network DCS--Data Collection System GRB – GOES Rebroadcast  Follow on of L-Band GVAR SARSAT--Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking

GOES-R Which Sensors and Capabilities? –Communication Capabilities HRIT/EMWIN, DCS, SARSAT, GRB –Solar and Space Environment SUVI, EXIS, SEISS, MAG –Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) –Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) An estimate of the annual climatological lightning density in the GLM viewing areas.

GLM Detects total strikes: in cloud, cloud to cloud, and cloud to ground –Compliments today’s land based systems that only measure cloud to ground lightning (about 15% of the total) –Compliments today’s research based polar orbiting systems. Increased coverage over oceans and dead zones over land –Beneficial for aviation convective weather hazards

How does lightning activity vary as TC/Hurricane undergoes intensity change? Is there a useful predictor? Hurricane Katrina: Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) 24 Aug 05 Los Alamos Sferics Array, August 28, 2005, Shao et al., EOS Trans., 86 LIS Background Images read out once per min 4 km nm Orbit swath 600 km

GOES-R Which Sensors and Capabilities? –Communication Capabilities HRIT/EMWIN, DCS, SARSAT, GRB –Solar and Space Environment SUVI, EXIS, SEISS, MAG –Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) –Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

ABI: Advanced Baseline Imager Increased resolution temporal spatial spectral radiometric Better navigation

1/5 Disk Current GOES-I/P Increased Imaging Capability 5 Minute Coverage GOES-R Full Disk

1/5 Disk Increased Imaging Capability 5 Minute Coverage GOES-R Full Disk ABI Scan Modes 15 minute cycle 1 Full Disk 3 CONUS 1000km x 1000km every 30 seconds Continuous 5 minute Full Disk Current GOES-I/P

ABI: Advanced Baseline Imager Increased resolution temporal spatial spectral radiometric Better navigation

The Advanced Baseline Imager: ABICurrent Spectral Coverage 16 bands5 bands Spatial resolution at nadir 0.64  m Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 km Other Vis/near-IR1.0 & 2.0 kmn/a SW, WV & LW IR2.0 kmApprox. 4 km (bands > 2µm) MAJORchanges in spectral coverage AND spatial resolution MAJOR changes in spectral coverage AND spatial resolution

GOES-R imager band Wavelength range (µm) Central wavelength (µm) Nominal subsatellite IGFOV (km) Comments for daytime viewing “blue” visible Aerosol over land GOES heritage “red” visible High res animations Vegetation state Aerosol over water Cirrus/upper level cloud Cloud-top phase and particle size Snow distinction Distinguish land, cloud, snow, and ice properties ABI Visible/Near-IR Bands Schmit et al, 2005

Visible to Near Infrared

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Visible to Near Infrared IR 1.6

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MODIS channels

33 MODIS Terra Band 1 (0.645µm) 0.5 km resolution similar to ABI Band 2 (0.64 µm) visible “red” heritage

34 MODIS Terra Band 3 (0.469 µm) 1.0 km resolution similar to ABI Band 1 (0.47 µm) visible “blue”

MODIS Terra Band 1 (0.645µm) 1.0 km resolution similar to ABI Band 2 (0.64 µm) visible “red” heritage

36 MODIS Terra Band 2 (0.858 µm) 1.0 km resolution similar to ABI Band 3 (0.865 µm)

37 MODIS Terra Band 26 (1.375 µm) 2.0 km resolution similar to ABI Band 4 (1.378 µm)

38 MODIS Terra Band 6 (1.64 µm) 1.0 km resolution similar to ABI Band 5 (1.61 µm)

39 MODIS Terra Band 7 (2.13 µm) 2.0 km resolution similar to ABI Band 6 (2.25 µm)

40 False RGB: R µm (Band 6) (ABI Band 5) MODIS TerraG µm (Band 2) (ABI Band 3) B – 0.6 µm (Band 1) (ABI Band 2)

41 Cloud streets over the Black Sea (24 February 2007) by Mária Putsay, Kornél Kolláth and Ildikó Szenyán, Hungarian Meteorological Service water Copyright 2007 EUMETSAT METEOSAT Second Generation 24 Feb :55 UTC RGB: NIR 1.6 VIS 0.8 VIS 0.6 MSG RGB 2007 Feb. 24: 11:55 UTC

42 GOES-R imager band Wavelength range (µm) Central wavelength (µm) Nominal subsatellite IGFOV (km) Comments GOES imager heritage GOES imager heritage GOES sounder heritage GOES sounder heritage with spectral modifications Cloud-top phase Ash/dust, SO 2, sulfates Ozone. GOES sounder heritage with spectral modifications Surface and cloud temperatures, low level moisture, dust and volcanic ash Heritage from GOES imager and sounder: temperature, cloud characteristics. ABI IR Bands Schmit et al, 2005

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METEOSAT-8 3 March :00 UTC EUMETSAT Satellite Image of the Month Dust storm over Western Africa and the Canary Islands Copyright 2004 EUMETSAT RGB Composite IR12.0 – IR10.8 IR10.8 – IR8.7 IR10.8

27 Aug UTC27 Aug UTC 27 Aug UTC27 Aug UTC

RGB composite Source: EUMETSAT Satellite Image of the Month Eruption of the Chaitén volcano in Chile (2-9 May 2008) HansPeter Roesli and Jochen Kerkmann Copyright 2008 EUMETSAT (C)

RGB Air Mass Product with Lightning Example courtesy of John Knaff, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/RAMMB RGB composite (C) (C)

Satellite-derived winds will be improved with the ABI due to: - higher spatial resolution (better edge detection) - more frequent images (offers different time intervals) - better cloud height detection (with multiple bands) - new bands may allow new wind products - better NEdT’s - better navigation/registration Satellite-derived winds

New instruments and capabilities: Solar, Communication, Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), and Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) GOES-R Home Page Summary VIS and Near-IRSW-IR WV LW-IR GOES R (C)

New instruments and capabilities: Solar, Communication, Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), and Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) GOES-R Home Page Summary VIS and Near-IRSW-IR WV LW-IR or Current GOES (C)

Links GOES-R Home Page GOES-R Proving Ground GOES-R COMET module on GOES-R ABI COMET module on GOES-R GLM EUMETSAT Image Gallery Near Real Time MODIS images: Satellite channels Or