1 Unit 5 Working World

2 Over the next few weeks … We are going to be looking at the world of work Today we are going to look at a way to classify the types of jobs people do In the coming weeks we will look at farming So today we will start by classify the tye of farms there are Later on, we will be looking at MEDCs – more economically developed countries and at LEDCs – less economically developed countries to see how they farm Also at sustainability – how the way people farm can ensure that they will be able to go on using the land productively in the future

3 But now we are going to classify economic activity into groups This is how we sort out the types of jobs people do

4 Introduction What do we need? We need food, metals and wood from the earth We need these to make things with We need schools and shops and hospitals and people to run the country and activities to keep us entertained in out free time These are all classified as different kinds of economic activity or industries. Industries are classified according to the type of jobs the majority of people who work for them do.

5 Classifying industry Primary industries involve raw materials Raw materials are anything that is naturally present in or on the Earth before we process it (change it in anyway at all to make other things) Raw materials can be quarried, mined, drilled, grown or collected. What might be quarried? Mined? Drilled? Grown? Collected? Most of these are supplied to other industries – Birds Eye peas – from the pod to the factory processing them in less than 12 hours they say But some will go directly to the consumer, e.g. fish bought on the key-side in places like Cornwall, or through farmers markets. What are these people doing?

6 Classifying industry Secondary industries is manufacturing a product They use raw materials and components (parts already made) from elsewhere to manufacture or assemble other things. Can you think of a component a car factory might need? Most of these are supplied to other industries that pass them to the consumer A lot of this kind of work is done in factories but some is carried out in small workshops, like a blacksmith for example. Are there any secondary industries near you?

7 More about secondary industry There are different kinds of secondary industry: Heavy industry: involves large quantities of materials, such steel-making, shipbuilding, car manufacturers and petrochemicals. These used to be the core of work in the Midlands and North of England and the industrial regions of France Germany and around the Great lakes in the USA. This was because they were close to the raw materials – but this is no longer true – most of these items are now produced more cheaply elsewhere.

8 More about secondary industry – keywords! There is light industry. This is the manufacture of products that are light in bulk and use small amounts of raw materials E.g. small domestic appliances, food processing, clothes. high tech industry - Manufacturing involving advanced technology, such as the making of microchips and computers. It also includes genetic engineering, communications and information technology. Then there is high tech industry - Manufacturing involving advanced technology, such as the making of microchips and computers. It also includes genetic engineering, communications and information technology.

9 Classifying industry Tertiary industries provide goods and services to the public – often known as the service sector. What do these pictures show? Can you think of any others?

10 Classifying industry We now have a small new fourth or quaternary industrial sector. These are the inventors, the scientists and technologists that design the new things. They are the specialists who advise people and organisations. They provide information and expertise. Do you know anyone who does this?

11 So which are these do you think?

12 In the UK This is the pattern of the kinds of places people work What do you notice about: Primary industry? Secondary industry Tertiary industry Why do you think that is? Do you think all countries are like this?

13 In the UK Even in a short time, it has changed. What do you notice? Why do you think that might be?

14 Ethiopia How is Ethiopia different from the UK in 2000? Primary Industry? Secondary Industry? Tertiary Industry? Why do you think that is?

15 India How is India different from the UK in 2000? Primary Industry? Secondary Industry? Tertiary Industry? Why do you think that is?

16 Next to classify types of farm

17 Farms can be grouped in several ways What kind of things do they produce? Do they do it mostly to make money or to feed themselves? Do they have a small plot of land that produces a lot or do they have a large area which does not produce very much? Do they stay in one place or move around?

18 An arable farm is..one that grows crops and does not have any (or at least not many) animals

19 A pastoral farm is..one that keeps animals in fields and does not grow many crops, except maybe hay, silage and winter feed crops for the animals This farm is in Dorset

20 A mixed farm is..one that keeps animals in fields and grows crops as well These pictures are from Devon

21 Most UK, European and US farms are intensive This means that there is a high output from a little land A large corporate farm in North America producing food and fibre only for sale

22 Other places like Australia and parts of South America have extensive farms This means that there is a low output from a lot land. This is because the land is poor and the climate too dry to grow more plants or feed

23 Most European farms are commercial farms They make a profit from selling their produce

24 A few European farms and many in poorer countries are subsistence farms They produce food for the family, and not usually much for sale This is a small subsistence farm on the Costa del Sol in Spain

25 Nearly all farmers work their own land. They are sedentary This means they stay in one place. This is Eseme Udoekong’ sedentary farm in Nigeria He says, ‘This planting season I've been combining my teaching work with subsistence farming.’ lives/myafrica/blogs/ /archive/2005/05.shtml Eseme Udoekong’ is a subsistence farmer What is that?

26 But some farmers, especially in poorer countries, are nomadic

27 These are the reindeer! A reindeer herd browses near a Koryak camp in northern Kamchatka. The reindeer are semi- domesticated, and a couple of Koryaks can keep the herd under control with whistles and gestures. They do the work of cowboys, but all from on foot. Two or three related families follow the herd with their tents and a few horses, which shoulder the heavier gear when their owners must move camp. The Koryak get their food, clothing, tent materials, and most everything else they need from the reindeer. As well as being nomads they practice ____ farming?

28 Can you match the word to the activity? (more than one word applies) Farmer growing wheat in East Anglia Maasai Tribesmen of S. Kenya who follow their cattle from the plains in the dry season to the hills in the wet season Organic farmer producing fruit and vegetables and has some free range hens Eseme Udoekong’s farm in Nigeria arable pastoral mixed intensive extensive commercial subsistence sedentary nomadic Each farm will be linked 1 purple, 1 blue, 1 red and 1 green