Matter Cycles Review

biosphere How does energy move through a food web? constant input of energy energy flows through Energy is transformed!  Solar  Chemical Energy is transformed!  Solar  Chemical Don’t forget the laws of Physics!

Energy Transformations vs. Transfers Learning Target #5: Describe the transfers and transformations of matter and/or energy in an ecosystem Transfers – animal eating plant Transformations – sun (solar energy) to glucose (chemical energy) You decide! - carbon dioxide is used by plants and turned into glucose

Energy Pyramids show Flow of Energy

Why is there more biomass at the bottom of the food web than at the top of the food web? Biomass = The dry mass of all organisms.

biosphere Does matter flow in the same way that energy does? constant input of energy energy flows through nutrients cycle nutrients can only cycle Inputs:  energy  nutrients Inputs:  energy  nutrients Don’t forget the laws of Physics! Matter cannot be created or destroyed Outputs:  heat  metabolism Outputs:  heat  metabolism

Is it Matter? - PROBE rocksbaby powdermilk air lightdust loveelectricity cellsatomsfiresmoke saltMarsJupitersteam heatrotten applessound waves waterbacteriaoxygenstars gravitymagnetic forcedissolved sugar

Matter Defined… Made up of particles (atoms or molecules) Has weight and mass Takes up space (volume) Exists in the form of solid, liquid, gas or plasma

Is it Matter? - PROBE rocksbaby powdermilk air lightdust loveelectricity cellsatomsfiresmoke saltMarsJupitersteam heatrotten applessound waves waterbacteriaoxygenstars gravitymagnetic forcedissolved sugar

Matter can be recycled. A carbon atom in a protein molecule in your bicep muscle, used to be in a food item that you ate. Your digestive system took the food molecules apart and used them to build you! Carbon Atom Protein Molecule You really are what you eat…

Where has Carbon Been? A plant, containing sugar (made of carbon) is eaten by a panda in China. The panda breaks down the sugar and some that carbon is breathed out at carbon dioxide (CO2). Global winds carry this carbon around the globe and it is taken in by an apple tree in Wenatchee WA. That tree uses this carbon to produce an apple containing sugar. You eat this apple – and your body places this carbon into your bicep muscle. Where will it go next?

Carbon helps build complex molecules. Carbon becomes more stable when it gains four more electrons; that is, when it makes four bonds. Glucose

Giant Sequoia Tree - Probe Do you want to refine your answer? What are wood and leaves made of?

The structure of wood and leaves Does water make up the majority of the structural matter of wood and leaves in a tree or does it run through the tree? Phospholipid Protein Sugar Fat

Back to the Sequoia Tree Where did the majority of the matter in the tree come from? Van Helmont

Matter Cycles – Nitrogen Importance of Nitrogen Builds Proteins and DNA

The nitrogen cyclenitrogen cycle

Nitrogen Cycle 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas (N 2 ) Nitrogen (N 2 ) “stuck” in atm. Symbiotic bacteria living in roots of beans and alders can convert N 2 into a “useable form”

Carbon Cycle Questions How does the carbon get into the air? How does the carbon get into the food chain from the air? How does carbon get from the food chain back into the air? How do human activities add carbon to the air?

Nitrogen Cycle Questions