Understanding and Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Freshwaters Elena Litchman Michigan State University and Kellogg Biological Station.

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Presentation transcript:

Understanding and Monitoring Harmful Algal Blooms in Freshwaters Elena Litchman Michigan State University and Kellogg Biological Station

Fresh Water is a Limited Resource Only 2.5% of water on Earth is fresh 2/3 is locked in glaciers and polar ice caps

Fresh Water is a Limited Resource USA Today, October 19, 2007 Not only water quantity, but water quality! Water quality problem: Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)

Talk Outline General Information on HABs The role of global change in HAB proliferation Current research on global change and HABs in my lab

HAB Phytoplankton Cyanobacteria (freshwater and marine) Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Atmospheric nitrogen fixation

Cyanobacteria in Temperate Lakes Main Players Anabaena Aphanizomenon Microcystis Planktothrix

Cyanobacterial Toxins Microcystins - produced by Microcystis, Planktothrix (Oscillatoria), Anabaena Babica et al. J. Phycol sigmaaldrich.com Hepatotoxins Neurotoxins Differ in toxicity LR YR

Global Change and HABs

Global Change Effects on Cyanobacteria Increased air and water temperature Directly stimulates growth Longer ice-free period Stimulates growth Increased stratification (stability of the water column) Increases competitive advantage (buoyancy) Decreased mixing Increases competitive advantage (buoyancy) Increased nutrient limitation May increase competitive advantage (N-fixers) Increased oxygen depletion (at the bottom)

Interaction of Multiple Global Change Stressors Invasive Species HAB-forming cyanobacteria Zebra mussels Increased Nutrient Inputs Increased Pesticide Inputs

Cyanobacteria in Temperate Lakes Invasive Newcomer Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii Invasive Fixes N Produces toxins Forms deep chlorophyll maxima cylindrospermopsin

Global Change and HABs Frequency and severity of HABs will likely increase in the future!

Current Work on HABs in my Lab

Lab members participating in HAB research Mary Anne Evans Kohei Yoshiyama Jarad Mellard Ally Morgan Pam Woodruff Kelly Amrhein Paula Tezanos

Current HAB Work in my Lab Field sampling of diverse lakes in MI Lab experiments (physiology, competitive interactions) Modeling interactions between HAB species and the rest of the plankton

Field Sampling –Monitor and sample diverse lakes in West Michigan –Characterize physical structure of the water column (temperature, light, turbulence) –Measure chemical parameters (nutrients) –Determine phytoplankton community structure (HAB species) –Measure toxins (microcystin)

Field Sampling and Monitoring Sites Current sampling Proposed sampling

Detailed Physical Structure of Diverse Lakes SCAMP (Self-Contained Autonomous Microprofiler) #46 Moored thermistor chains Temperature Light Chl fluorescence Turbulence Stratification/mixing

Seasonal Chl Distribution

Depth and Seasonal Variation in Turbulence Gull Lake. MI Lowest turbulence Highest Microcystis abundance

Monitoring Cyanobacteria Abundance Toxin concentration Presence of Invasive SpeciesPhysical processes Evans et al. in prep.

Lake Monitoring Networks GLEON (Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network) WATERS Network ( Water and Environmental Research System) CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science) Parameters to measure: Physical, chemical and biological