Cells The Inside Story

The Cell Membrane  All cells have outer coverings to separate the inside from the outside.  The Job To keep cytoplasm inside To keep cytoplasm inside To allow nutrients and waste products out To allow nutrients and waste products out To interact with things outside the cell To interact with things outside the cell

Cell Wall  Plants and algae have cell walls  The cell wall is found outside of the cell membrane. cell membranecell membrane  The Job  The cell wall provides protection, support, and shape to the plant cell.  The cell wall is made up of a polysaccharide (a type of carbohydrate like starch) called cellulose.

The Nucleus  Largest and most visible organelle  The Job -The control center of the cell Stores DNA (which has information on making proteins which are vital to cell life The dark spot inside is a nucleolus The Job – Make Ribosomes

Ribosomes The Job – to make proteins. The smallest organelle but there are A LOT of them in a cell All cells need proteins to live so... ALL CELLS HAVE RIBOSOMES Ribosomes are not covered with a membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)  Membrane covered organelle  The Job – make lipids (fats)  Break down drugs and chemicals that could damage a cell  Moves things in the cell like a tunnel  Rough ER has ribosomes on it

Mitochondria  The Job – Make ATP that a cell uses to release energy  Bean shaped  Mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP.  More active cells have more mitochondria

Chloroplasts  Also convert energy for plants and algae  Contain green- colored chlorophyll  Chlorophyll uses the sun’s energy to make sugar. This is photosynthesis  The mitochondria then use this sugar to make ATP

The Golgi Complex  The Job – To process and ship proteins and materials out of the cell  Receives material from the ER  Looks like ER, but is closer to the cell membrane

Vacuoles  Membrane covered chamber  The Job - stores water and other liquids and provides support.  May contain colored liquids or juices found in fruits  Found in plant cells

Lysosomes  Membrane covered compartments (called vesicles) that contain enzymes.  The Job - Enzymes break down or dissolve particles like waste products, worn out organelles, foreign invaders and cells.

Can You Identify Cell Structures? a1/cells/cellquiz.htm a1/cells/cellquiz.htm