Eukaryotic Cell Structure

Eukaryotic Cells Have a nucleus Found in plants, animals, and some unicellular organisms ANIMAL CELLPLANT CELL SINGLE-CELLED ALGAE

Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell Controls movement of materials in & out of the cell

Cytoplasm Thick, jelly-like substance contained within the cell membrane Supports/protects cell organelles

DNA The genetic material found in all living cells. Contains the information needed for an organism to grow, maintain itself, and reproduce A.K.A deoxyribonucleic acid

Endoplasmic Reticulum Channels/tubes leading from the nucleus into the cytoplasm Helps transport materials like proteins Helps create vesicles that are processed by the golgi apparatus to form lysosomes Two types: - Smooth E.R. = no ribosomes -Rough E.R. = contains ribosomes

Ribosomes Combine with messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) to make protiens that: Create chemical messages to run a cell. Build cell organelles Found on the Rough ER and within the Cytoplasm

Golgi Apparatus Serve as storage and packaging centers. Proteins made by the ribosomes are packaged into vesicles (small pockets) These packages are used by the cell and sometimes are released from it.

Lysosomes Vesicles that contain digestive enzymes created by the cell Breaks down complex sugars and proteins from food Will digest organelles if cell is “starving”

Vacuole Acts as a storage unit Holds water, waste, and food that needs to be digested Helps to move material in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria Organelles that cause the release of energy by using oxygen to break down sugars. Releases food molecules that supply energy to the cell A cell can create more if it needs more energy

Nuclear Membrane Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Pores help transporting materials in/out of the nucleus

Nucleus Control center of the cell Manages all of the cell’s activities Contains DNA that the cell needs to reproduce and function.

Nucleolus Produces ribosomes Composed of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) for manufacturing protein