Scientific Method Steps of the Scientific Method 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. Experimental Design/__________________ (Testing the Hypothesis) 4. ______________ (Explaining the Data) Biology Introduction

- Control  Factor in an experiment that ________________________throughout the course of the experiment. All good experiments have at least one control -Variable  Factor in the experiment __________. The _____ the variables in an experiment, the ______________________. -Theory  Hypothesis that is tested repeatedly and _______________disproved -Scientific Law  Scientific truths that are valid ___________ ____________________ -Fact  Truth known by ______________________________ -Belief  ________________________that something is true Important Scientific Method Terms

Themes of Biology Biology- Study of ___________

Branches of Biology Botany- ______________Physiology- ____________ Anatomy-_____________Zoology-_______________ Cell Biology- _____________Genetics- ______________ Evolution- _______________ in organisms over time Biochemistry- Chemistry of _______________ in organisms Ecology- Organisms & ______________________ Microbiology- _________________ Organisms Organism – Anything capable of carrying out _______________ ___________________

Major Themes in Biology 1. Cell ______________________________ Unicellular Organisms  ________cell Multicellular Organisms  ______________ than 1 cell 2. Internal Stability  ability to __________ internal conditions 3. Reproduction & Inheritance Sexual reproduction  between _________individuals Asexual reproduction  1 cell ___________ to form 2 cells 4. Evolution- species ________________ over time 5. Interdependence of organisms (ecology)  Relationship between ____________________________________ 6. Matter, Energy, & Organization  Harvesting _______ for life Autotrophic  Use energy directly from ___________ for food Heterotroph  must take in ______________for energy

Unicellular or multicellular? Autotroph or Heterotroph?

Properties Of Life 1.Made of ___________________ 2.______________________________ 3. Universal ________________________ 4. Growth __________________________ Growth- Increase in Amount of ___________ in an organism Development- Series of _____________ an organism undergoes in becoming an adult 5. Obtain & _____________________(from food or sun) 6. Respond to their _______________________ Stimulus: anything in an organism’s environment that causes it to ___________________ 7. Homeostasis: Organisms maintain ____________ internal conditions regardless of external changes Examples? 8. Evolve: Species ________________ over time

Taxonomy and Classification Taxonomy- Science of ________________ _________________________________ organisms Taxa- __________________ into which biologists classify organisms

Why Do We Need to Classify Organisms? Common names like frog and worm don’t tell us _______________ information Common names are __________________ Common names _________________ from country to country

Early Classification System Designed by _______________ Divided into 2 groups- __________ and ______________

Modern Classification System _______________nomenclature (2 names)_______________nomenclature (2 names) Developed by _______________________ in 18th centuryDeveloped by _______________________ in 18th century Organisms organized byOrganisms organized by_____________________features

Taxa Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, SpeciesKingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species King Phillip Came Over For Good SoupKing Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

Scientific Names Organism referred to by __________________Organism referred to by __________________ Genus __________________, species is notGenus __________________, species is not Entire name is either ____________________Entire name is either ____________________

Classification

Kingdoms of Life Traditionally, ________________system used to classify life… 1.______________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________ 5. _____________- which includes Archae (Kingdom: Archaebacteria) Bacteria (Kingdom: Eubacteria)

Domains As biologists recognize the ______________ between the 2 kinds of prokaryotes, they also saw __________________ among all eukaryotes. So, a new system that was proposed that divides organisms into _________________ based on cell type, genetics, and nutrition 1.________________ 2.__________ (Ancient unicellular organisms similar to bacteria) 3.____________ (Plants, animals, and fungi)

Monera Unicellular vs. Multicellular ______________ Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote _______________ Nutrition Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Reproduction _____________ Movement None Environment _________________________ Other Info Some help in fighting disease Examples ______________

Protista Unicellular vs. Multicellular ____________ Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote _____________ Nutrition Heterotrophic or Autotrophic Reproduction ___________________ Movement ____________________ Environment _______________________ Other Info ________________________ Examples Amoeba, Algae, Diatoms, & Paramecium

Fungi Unicellular vs. Multicellular ___________________________ Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote ________________ Nutrition ________________ Reproduction Asexual or Sexual Movement ________________ Environment __________________ Other Info _____________________ Examples _____________________________

Plantae Unicellular vs. Multicellular ____________ Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote ____________ Nutrition ____________ Reproduction Asexual or Sexual Movement None Environment Aquatic or Terrestrial Other Info _________________________ Examples ____________________________ Trees, & Flowering Plants

Animalia Unicellular vs. Multicellular ____________ Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote ____________ Nutrition ____________ Reproduction ____________ Movement Yes (_______________) Environment Aquatic or Terrestrial Other Info Largest kingdom  over ________________species! Examples Sponges, Jellyfish, ____________________ _________________________ What is the most diverse group of animals? Arthropods!! Most diverse phyla > 1 million species have been described. 2 out of every 3 organisms known on Earth are arthropods