Imperialism in Southeast Asia Chapter 11, Section 5

Setting the Stage Countries rushed to invade Southeast Asia, part of the Pacific Rim Western nations desired this land because: Location along sea route to China Resources (tropical agriculture, minerals and oil)

European Powers Invade the Pacific Rim (pg. 363, Map) Early 1800s – Dutch East India Company established control over 3,000 miles long British established major trading port at Singapore French took over Indochina Germans claimed Marshall Islands, parts of New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

Why were these lands so attractive?

Dutch Expand Control 1602 – Dutch East India Trading Company was chartered Seized Malacca from Portuguese Took control of Java from British and Javanese Gradually took control of Sumatra, part of Borneo, Celebes, Moluccas and Bali

Dutch Expand Control (continued) Large Dutch population move to Southeast Asia to manage plantations Created a rigid social system: Dutch Wealthy and Educated Indonesians Plantation Workers Dutch farmers were forced to plant 1/5th of their land in specified export crops

How were the Dutch East India Trading Company and the British East India Trading Company similar?

British Take the Malayan Peninsula British take Malayan Peninsula to compete with Dutch in trading Opening of Suez Canal (1869) and increased demand for tin and rubber made Singapore one world’s busiest ports British gained colonies in Malaysia and Burma

British Take the Malayan Peninsula (continued) Malaysia had large deposits of tin and became leading exporter of rubber Britain encouraged Chinese to immigrate to Malaysia because they needed workers in tin mines and to tap rubber trees Malays became minority population

French Control Indochina (pg. 363, Map) French active in Southeast Asia since 17th century 1840s – 7 French missionaries are killed Church leaders demand military intervention Napoleon III invaded Vietnam Later added Laos, Cambodia, and Northern Vietnam (French Indochina)

French Control Indochina (continued) Used direct colonial management: French filled important government positions Did not encourage local industry Rice production increased but consumption decreased

Colonial Impact POSITIVES NEGATIVES Economies grew based on cash crops Roads, harbors and railways improved communication & transportation (mostly benefited Europeans) Education, health and sanitation did not improve Melting pot of cultures leading to racial and religious clashes.

Pg. 363, Map Answer Questions 1 & 2

Siam Remains Independent pg. 363-364 How did Siam’s geographic location influence its political decisions? What values motivated King Mongkut and King Chulalongkorn? How did the reforms of the Siamese kings help Siam remain independent?

U. S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands 2 groups of Americans in support of imperialism U.S. empire builders - destined to be a world power Business interests – new markets and trade possibilities

The Philippines Change Hands pg. 364 Did President McKinley support or oppose imperialism? How do you know? What does the United States promise the Philippine people? Who is Emilio Aguinaldo? What did he claim? What were the positive and negative effects of U.S. colonization of the Philippines?

Hawaii Becomes a Republic U.S. interest in Hawaii began around 1790s Hawaii was on the route to China and East India 1820s – Highly successful American sugar cane plantations 75% of Hawaii’s wealth came from American sugar cane plantations American sugar cane planters gained political power

Hawaii Becomes a Republic (continued) 1890 – McKinley Tariff Act Eliminated tariffs on all sugar entering the U.S. Sugar from Hawaii was no longer cheaper U.S. business leaders pushed for annexation of Hawaii Sugar could be sold for a greater profit American producers received an extra 2 cents per pound from U. S. Government

Queen Liliuokalani Hawaii’s only queen and last monarch 1893 – called for a constitution that would restore Hawaiian political power American businessmen overthrew Hawaiian government and removed her from power

Sanford B. Dole Wealthy plantation owner and politician 1894 – names president of Republic of Hawaii 1898 – Republic of Hawaii annexed by U.S.

Conclusion Period of imperialism was a time of great power and domination by others End of 19th Century - all the lands of the world were claimed 20th Century – battles for competing claims would become the focus