Lab Activity 11: Group II Muscles Martini Chapter 11 Portland Community College BI 231

2 Action: Pronates and flexes forearm Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna Insertion: Lateral surface of radius Pronator Teres Anterior, Superficial Layer

3 Action: Flexes wrist and elbow and abducts wrist Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Base of metacarpal of the second digit Flexor Carpi Radialis Anterior, Superficial Layer

4 Action: Weak flexion of wrist, tenses skin of palm Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Flexor retinaculum; palmar aponeurosis Palmaris Longus Anterior, Superficial Layer

5 Action: Flexes and adducts wrist Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon process of ulna Insertion: medial carpal bones; metacarpal of 5 th digit Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Anterior, Superficial Layer

6 Action: Flexes fingers and wrist Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna; anterior surface of radius Insertion: Middle phalanges of medial 4 digits Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Anterior, Middle Layer

Flexor digitorum profundus Action: Flexion of wrist and fingers Origin: Medial and anterior surfaces of ulna; interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanges of fingers 7

8 Action: Flexes thumb and wrist Origin: Middle half of radius; interosseous membrane, coronoid process of ulna Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb Flexor Pollicis Longus Anterior, Deepest Layer

9 Action: Flexes forearm Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion: Lateral surface of distal radius Brachioradialis Posterior, Superficial Layer

10 Action: Extends and abducts hand Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: Second metacarpal Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Posterior, Superficial Layer

11 Action: Extends and abducts hand Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Third meta carpal Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Posterior, Superficial Layer

12 Action: Extends fingers and hand Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Extensor expansions of medial four digits Extensor Digitorum Posterior, Superficial Layer

13 Action: Extends 5 th digit and hand Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Extensor expansion of the fifth digit Extensor Digiti Minimi Posterior, Middle Layer

14 Action: Extends and adducts hand Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior surface of ulna Insertion: Metacarpal of the fifth digit Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Posterior, Superficial Layer

Anconeus Action: Very weak extension of the forearm Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna 15

Abductor pollicis longus Action: Abducts and extends thumb Origin: posterior surface of ulna and radius Insertion: first metacarpal 16

17 Action: Extends thumb Origin: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb Extensor Pollicis Longus Posterior, Deepest Layer

18 Action: Extends thumb Origin: Posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb Extensor Pollicis Brevis Posterior, Deepest Layer

19 Action: Supinates forearm Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; proximal ulna Insertion: Posterior, lateral and anterior surfaces of proximal radius Supinator Posterior, Deepest Layer

Abductor pollicis brevis Action: Abducts thumb and aids in flexion Origin: scaphoid and trapezium Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb 20

Flexor pollicis brevis Action- flexes thumb Origin- Trapezium Insertion: Proximal phalanx of thumb 21

Flexor digiti minimi Action: Flexes fifth digit Origin: hook of hamate Insertion: proximal phalanx of fifth digit 22

Abductor digiti minimi Action: Abducts fifth digit Origin: Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris Insertion: Proximal phalanx of fifth digit 23

MUSCLES OF DEEP BACK AND GLUTEAL REGION

25 Action: Principal extensor and lateral rotator of femur Origin: Lateral surface of ilium; dorsal surface of scrum and coccyx Insertion: iliotibial tract; gluteal tuberosity of femur Gluteus Maximus

26 Action: Abduction and medial rotation of femur Origin: Lateral surface of ilium Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur, lateral surface Gluteus Medius

27 Action- laterally rotates thigh at hip joint, abducts thigh Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur superior surface Piriformis

28 Action: Rotates thigh laterally Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Quadratus Femoris

29 Action: flexion of the thigh Origin: Transverse processes of bodies of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with iliacus Psoas Major

30 Action: Flexes thigh and laterally rotates femur Origin: Iliac fossa and lateral margin of scrum Insertion: Lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major Iliacus

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

32 Action: Flexes both femur and tibia Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Medial margin of tibial tuberosity Sartorius

33 Action: Extends tibia and flexes femur Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and upper margin of acetabulum Insertion: Tibial tuberosity Rectus Femoris

34 Action: Extension of leg Origin: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity Vastus Lateralis

35 Action: Extends tibia Origin: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity Vastus Medialis

36 Action: Extends tibia Origin: Upper shaft of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity Vastus Intermedius

37 Tensor Fasciae Latae Action: Flexes thigh, stabilizes knee Origin: Iliac crest Insertion: iliotibial tract

Medial thigh muscles

Pectineus Action: Adduction and flexion of thigh Origin: Superior ramus of pubis Insertion: Just inferior to the lesser trochanter 39

40 Action: Adducts, flexes & medially rotates femur Origin: Between pubic rami near symphysis Insertion: Middle third of linea aspera Adductor Longus

41 Action: adduction and flexion of thigh Origin: Pubic arch and ischial tuberosity Insertion: Linea aspera and adductor tubercle Adductor Magnus

42 Action: Adducts, flexes, medially rotates tibia Origin: Inferior pubis near symphysis Insertion: Upper portion of tibia Gracilis

Posterior thigh muscles

44 Action: Extends femur and flexes leg Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Semitendinosus

45 Action: Extends femur and flexes leg Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia Semimembranosus

46 Action: Extends femur and flexes leg Origin: Long head- ischial tuberosity Short head- lateral supracondylar ridge of femur Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia Biceps Femoris Long Head Short Head

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

48 Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot Origin: Upper half of tibia and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of first cuneiform and first metatarsal Tibialis Anterior

49 Action: Dorsiflexes foot and extends toes Origin: Tibia, proximal ¾ of fibula & interosseous membrane Insertion: Tendons of middle & terminal phalanges of 4 lateral toes by extensor expansion Extensor Digitorum Longus Tendon

50 Action: Dorsiflexes foot and extends great toe Origin: Middle half of fibula and interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe Extensor Hallucis Longus Tendon

LATERAL COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG

52 Action: Plantar flexes and eversion of foot Origin: Upper 2/3rds of fibula and intermuscular septa Insertion: Plantar base of first metatarsal and first cuneiform Fibularis Longus

53 Action: Eversion of foot Origin: Lateral surface of fibula Insertion: Fifth metatarsal Fibularis Brevis

Extensor Digitorum brevis Action: Extends toes Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus Insertion: four tendons into extensor expansion 54

Extensor hallucis brevis Action: Extends big toe Origin: Medial surface of calcaneus Insertion: proximal phalanx of great toe 55

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE THIGH

Superficial Group

58 Action: plantar flexion of foot; flexion of the leg Origin: Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur Medial head: popliteal surface of femur Insertion: Calcaneus Gastrocnemius Superficial

59 Action: Plantar flexion of foot; Origin: Head of fibula; posterior surface of fibula; medial aspect of tibia Insertion: Calcaneus by the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Soleus Second Layer

60 Action: Assists in plantar flexion of foot and flexion of leg Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of femur Insertion: Calcaneus Plantaris Second Layer

Deep group

62 Action: Flexes and unlocks knee joint Origin: Lateral condyle of femur; lateral meniscus in knee joint Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia Popliteus Second Layer

63 Action: plantar flexion of foot; flexion of toes Origin: Posterior surface of tibia Insertion: Distal phalanges of digits 2-5 Flexor Digitorum Longus Third Layer

64 Action: plantar flexion of foot; flexion of great toe Origin: Posterior surface of fibula; interosseous membrane Insertion: Distal phalanx of great toe Flexor Hallucis Longus Third Layer

65 Action: Plantar flexion and inversion of foot Origin: Posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula; interosseous membrane Insertion: Navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones; second third and fourth metatarsals Tibialis Posterior Third Layer

Abductor hallucis Action: Abducts and flexes great toe Origin: Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis Insertion: Proximal phalanx of great toe 66

Flexor digitorum brevis Action: Flexes lateral four toes Origin: Tuberosity of calcaneus Insertion: Middle phalanges of digits

Abductor digiti minimi Action: Abducts 5 th toe Origin: tuberosity of calcaneus Insertion: by four tendons into middle phalanx of lateral four toes 68

Flexor hallucis brevis Action: Flexes big toe Origin: Cuboid and lateral cuneiform bones Insertion: Proximal phalanx of great toe 69

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Action: Flexes small toe Origin: Base of 5 th metatarsal Insertion: Base of proximal 5 th phalanx 70

71 The End