Origin Insertion Primary Action Muscles Origin Insertion Primary Action

Head/Neck Muscles Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris Temporalis Zygomaticus Masseter Buccinator Sternocleidomastoid Platysma

Frontalis Origin Insertion Primary Action Cranial aponeurosis Skin of eyebrows Primary Action Raises eyebrows

Orbicularis oculi Origin Insertion Primary Actions Frontal bone and maxilla Insertion Tissue around the eyes Primary Actions Blinks Closes eyes

Orbicularis oris Origin Maxilla and mandible Insertion Skin and muscle around the mouth Primary Actions Closes and protrudes lips Known as the kissing muscle because it is used to pucker the lips. (xo!).

Temporalis Origin Temporal bone Insertion Mandible Primary Action Closes jaw

Zygomaticus Origin Insertion Primary Action Zygomatic bone Skin and muscle at corners of lips Primary Action Raises corner of mouth 

Masseter Origin Insertion Primary Action Zygomatic arch Mandible Closes jaw

Buccinator Primary Actions Origin Insertion Maxilla and mandible near molars Insertion Orbicularis oris Primary Actions Compresses cheek as in whistling and sucking Holds food between teeth during chewing

Sternocleidomastoid Primary Actions Origin Insertion Sternum and clavicle Insertion Mastoid process of the temporal bone Primary Actions Contracted together = flex neck One contracts = head rotated to side

Platysma Primary Action Origin Insertion Connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles Insertion Tissue around the mouth Primary Action Pulls corners of the mouth inferiorly  ‘frown’

Neck/Trunk/ Shoulder Muscles Superficial anterior muscles: Pectoralis major Rectus abdominis External oblique Superficial posterior muscles: Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Erector spinae Deltoid

Pectoralis major Primary Action Origin Insertion Clavicle Sternum 1st to 6th ribs Insertion Proximal humerus Primary Action Adducts and flexes humerus

Rectus abdominis Origin Insertion Primary Action Pubis Ribs 5-7 Sternum Primary Action Flexes vertebral column

External oblique Origin Insertion Primary Actions Lower 8 ribs Iliac crest Primary Actions Rotates and flexes vertebral column

Trapezius Origin Insertion Primary Action Occipital bone All cervical and thoracic vertebrae Insertion Clavicle Scapular spine Primary Action Extends head and neck

Latissimus dorsi Primary Actions Origin Insertion Lower spine Iliac crest Insertion Proximal humerus Primary Actions Extends and adducts humerus

Erector spinae Origin Insertion Primary Action Iliac crest Vertebræ Ribs 3-12 Insertion Thoracic and cervical vertebrae Ribs Primary Action Extends the vertebral column

Deltoid Origin Insertion Primary Action Clavicle Spine of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Primary Action Abducts arm

Shoulder/Arm/Forearm Muscles Biceps brachii Brachialis Deltoid Triceps brachii Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis) Extensor digitorum

Biceps brachii Origin Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion Proximal radius Primary Actions Supinates forearm Flexes elbow

Brachialis Origin Insertion Primary Action Distal humerus Proximal ulna Primary Action Flexes elbow

Deltoid Origin Insertion Primary Action Clavicle Spine of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Primary Action Abducts arm

Triceps brachii Origin Insertion Primary Action Long head: scapula Lateral head: proximal humerus Medial head: proximal humerus Insertion Olecranon process of ulna Primary Action Extends elbow

Flexor carpi radialis Origin Insertion Primary Actions Distal humerus Base of 2nd metacarpal Primary Actions Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)

Flexor carpi ulnaris Origin Insertion Primary Action Humeral head: distal humerus Ulnar head: posterior ulna Insertion Carpals (pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone) 5th metacarpal bone Primary Action Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)

Flexor digitorum superficialis Origin Humoulnar head: distal humerus and ulna Radial head: superior half of radius Insertion Middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5 Primary Action Flexes wrist and fingers

Extensor carpi radialis longus Origin Humerus Insertion Base of 2nd metacarpal Primary Actions Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis Origin Humerus Insertion Base of 3rd metacarpal Action Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Extensor digitorum Origin Insertion Primary Actions Distal humerus Phalanges of 2nd to 5th fingers Primary Actions Extends fingers Extends hand at wrist

Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Anterior Iliopsoas Adductor muscles Sartorius Quadriceps group: Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis muscles

Iliopsoas Origin Insertion Primary Action Psoas – lumbar vertebrae Iliacus – ilium Insertion Femur (lesser trochanter) Primary Action Flexes the hip

Adductor muscles Origin Insertion Primary Action Pubis Femur Tibia Adducts thigh

Sartorius Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ilium Proximal tibia Flexes and laterally rotates the thigh

Quadriceps Group Vastus medialis Origin Insertion Primary Action Femur Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Primary Action Extends the knee

Quadriceps Group Vastus intermedius Origin Insertion Primary Action Femur Insertion Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Primary Action Extends the knee

Quadriceps Group Vastus lateralis Origin Insertion Primary Action Femur Insertion Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Primary Action Extends the knee

Quadriceps Group Rectus femoris Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ilium Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Primary Actions Extends the knee Flexes thigh (hip)

Tibialis anterior Origin Insertion Primary Actions Proximal tibia First cuneiform and first metatarsal Primary Actions Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Extensor digitorum longus Origin Proximal tibia and fibula Insertion Distal phalanges 2-5 Primary Actions Extends toes 2 - 5 Dorsiflexes foot

Fibularis or peroneus muscles Peroneus longus Origin Fibula Insertion Tarsal (medial cuneiform) and 1st metatarsal Primary Actions Eversion Plantarflexion

Fibularis or peroneus muscles Peroneus brevis Origin Fibula Insertion Fifth metatarsal Primary Actions Eversion Plantarflexion

Fibularis or peroneus muscles Peroneus tertius Origin Fibula Insertion Fifth metatarsal Primary Actions Eversion Plantarflexion

Hip/Thigh/Leg Muscles Posterior Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Hamstring muscles Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Soleus

Gluteus maximus Origin Insertion Primary Action Ilium, sacrum and coccyx Insertion Lateral femur Primary Action Extends hip (thigh)

Gluteus medius Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ilium Greater trochanter of femur Primary Actions Abducts thigh Steadies pelvis during walking

Hamstring Muscles Semitendinosus Origin Insertion Primary Actions Ischial tuberosity Insertion Proximal tibia Primary Actions Extends the thigh Flexes the knee

Hamstring Muscles Semimembranosus Origin Insertion Primary Action Ischial tuberosity Insertion Proximal tibia Primary Action Extends the thigh Flexes the knee

Hamstring Muscles Biceps femoris Origin Insertion Primary Actions Long head – ischial tuberosity Short head –lateral femur Insertion Head of fibula Primary Actions Extends the thigh Flexes the knee Long head Short head

Gastrocnemius Origin Insertion Primary Actions Medial head – medial epicondyle of femur Lateral head – lateral epicondyle of femur Insertion Calcaneus Primary Actions Flexes knee Plantar flexes foot

Soleus Origin Insertion Action Tibia Fibula Calcaneus Plantar flexes foot