Ankle/Lower Leg Anatomy .

Bones Name and locate the following bones: Tarsals Metatarsals (5) Talus Calcaneus Cuboid Cuneiforms (medial, middle, lateral) Navicular Metatarsals (5) Tibia: Medial Malleolus Fibula: Lateral Malleolus Phalanges (14) Tarsals Talus Calcaneous Cuboid Cuneiforms (medial, middle, lateral) Navicular Metatarsals (5) Phalanges (14) Proximal Middle Distal Tibia Medial malleolus Fibula Lateral malleolus

Joints Name the 8 joints of the ankles: Distal Tibiofibular Talofibular Talocrural Intertarsal Tarsalmetatarsal Metatarsalphalangeal Proximal Interphalangeal Distal Interphalangeal Distal Tibiofibular Talofibular Talocrural Intertarsal Tarsalmetatarsal Metatarsalphalangeal Proximal Interphalangeal Distal Interphalangeal

Ligaments Name the ligaments of the ankle: Lateral Medial High Anterior Talofibular Calcaneofibular Posterior Talofibular Medial Deltoid High Anterior Tibiofibular

Ligaments Medial Lateral

Pulses What are the two pulses in the foot and ankle: 1. Dorsalis pedis 2. tibialis posterior Dorsalis pedis, tibialis posterior pulse

Nerves What nerves innervate the ankle and foot: Medial plantar Lateral plantar Deep fibular Superficial fibular Medial plantar, lateral plantar, deep fibular, superficial fibular

Arches Name the arches in the foot: Longitudinal: Transverse Medial Lateral Transverse

Bony Landmarks Name 10 bony landmarks of the foot and ankle: Peroneal Tubercle calcaneus medial malleolus, lateral malleolus Talar dome navicular tubercle head and base of 1st metatarsal head and base of the 5th metatarsal sinus tarsi sesamoid bones (See Additional Bony Landmark Sheet for More) Peroneal Tubercle, calcaneus, medial malleolus, lateral malleolus, Talar dome, navicular tubercle, head and base of 1st metatarsal, head and base of the 5th metatarsal, sinus tarsi, sesamoid bones

Terminology: Muscles Origin Insertion Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion Where muscle originates and attaches to bone Insertion Where muscle attaches, usually distally, and where movement occurs Plantarflexion Ankle movement in which foot moves toward ground and toes are pointed Dorsiflexion Ankle movement in which toes/dorsum of foot moves upwards towards knee

Movements of the Ankle Toes: Foot/Ankle: Toes: Foot/ankle: 1.Flexion 2. Extension 3. Abduction/Adduction Foot/Ankle: 1. Inversion 2. Eversion 3. Plantarflexion 4. Dorsiflexion Toes: Flexion Extension Ab/adduction Foot/ankle: Inversion Eversion Plantarflexion Dorsiflexion

Muscles/Tendons Name the muscles of the lower leg and ankle: Posterior: soleus, gastroc Anterior: tibilas anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus Medial: Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus Lateral: peroneus longus, peroneus brevis Tendons: achilles, peroneals Soleus, gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, Extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexoe digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, peroneus longus, peroneus brevis Tendons: achilles, peroneals

Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Posterior Group Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Posterior Group What is the Muscle? What is the origin? Insertion? What is the function of the muscle? Gastrocnemius  Distal Femur Calcaneus  Plantarflexion and flexes knee Soleus  Posterior tibia and fibula Calcaneus Plantarflexion   Kuzmich, 2009

Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Anterior Group Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Anterior Group What is the Muscle? What is the origin? Insertion? What is the function of the muscle? Tibialis Anterior  Tibia Medial cuneiform and 1st Metatarsal Dorsiflexion and slight inversion Extensor Hallicus Longus Fibula Dorsal surface of big toe Dorsiflexion and inversion of ankle, extends 1st digit  Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibia and Fibula Dorsiflexion and eversion, extends toes 2-5 Kuzmich, 2009

Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Medial Group Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Medial Group What is the Muscle? What is the origin? Insertion? What is the function of the muscle? Tibialis Posterior  Posterior Tibia Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid/metatarsals 2-4 Plantarflexion and inversion Flexor Digitorum Longus Ventral surface of distal phalanges 2-5 Plantarflexion and inversion, flexes toes 2-5  Flexor Hallicus Longus Fibula Ventral surface of 1st distal phalanx  Plantarflexion and inversion, flexes big toe Kuzmich, 2009

Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Lateral Group Critical Thinking Strategies for Diverse Learners Attribute Chart- Foot/Lower Leg Muscles: Lateral Group What is the Muscle? What is the origin? Insertion? What is the function of the muscle? Peroneus Longus Fibula Ventral surface of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform Eversion and plantarflexion Peroneus Brevis Proximal 5th metatarsal   Kuzmich, 2009