9/4 Do Now!  Fill out the Vocabulary Term Sheet on Your Desk with the word of the day- Environment  Environment: All external conditions and factors, living and non-living, that affect any living organism

Environmental Science is…  Interdisciplinary study that uses information from the physical and social sciences to learn how the earth works, how we interact with the earth, and how to deal with environmental problems.

Do Now 9/8 Write the definition of Resources in your notes. (if you would like a blank vocab sheet you can find one in extra copies) Resources: Anything obtained from the environment to meet human needs and wants. It can also be applied to other species

Exponential Growth:  Definition: A quantity that increases at a fixed percentage per unit of time  Human population increases at approximately 2% per year

Worldometer  Human Population/Current Human Population  53% of the people in the world have a daily income of less than $2.00  1/6 people are desperately poor at less than $1.00/day  What does this mean for the earth’s resources? What does this mean for the earth’s resources?

Natural Capital  Natural resources that keep us and other species alive and support our economies  Degrading natural capital Example: Cutting down a forest faster than it can regrow

Environmental Problems  What keeps us alive? What is an environmentally sustainable society?  How fast is the human population growing?  What is the difference economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?

9/9 Do Now  Copy the definition of ecology into your notes.  Ecology : Biological science that studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment.

 What is the difference between economic growth, economic development, and environmentally sustainable economic development?

Economic Growth:  the increase in the capacity of a country to provide people with goods, and services

Gross Domestic Product :  the annual market value of all goods and services produced by all firms and organizations, foreign and domestic, operating within a country.

Economic Development  the improvement of human living standards by economic growth  Developed Countries: (Made up of approximately 1.2 billion people)  U.S., Canada, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, and Most European countries  Developing Countries: (Made up of approximately 5.4 billion people)  Africa, Asia, and Latin America

Exponential Growth And the Rule of 70  70/percentage growth rate= doubling time in years  Example: If the human population grew at 1.43% this past year, how long would it take to double the human population?  70/1.43= years

The rule of 70:  Since 1985, China’s economy has been growing at 9.5% a year. At this growth rate, how many years would it take china to double?

Perpetual resources  a resource that is renewed continuously on a human time scale

Renewable Resource  can be replenished fairly rapidly through natural processes as long as it is not used faster than it is replaced.

Sustainable Yield:  the highest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing it’s available supply

Common property (aka free- access resources)  individuals do not own these resources, and they are free or cost very little to use What are some examples of free access resources?

Tragedy of the commons:  each user reasons. “If I do not use this resource someone else will. The little bit I use or produce will not matter.”

 How can we prevent the tragedy of the commons?

9/10 Do Now:  On a piece of scrap paper, write you name and answer the following question…  What is the tragedy of the commons?  Hand into the inbox when finished.

Do Now  Copy the definition of Environmentalist in your notes.  Environmentalist:

NATURAL CAPITAL NATURAL RESOURCES Air Water Soil Land Life (biodiversity) Nonrenewable minerals (iron, sand) Renewable energy (sun, wind, water flows) Nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels, nuclear power) NATURAL SERVICES NATURAL CAPITAL Air purification Water purification Soil renewal Nutrient recycling Food production Pollination Grassland renewal Forest renewal Waste treatment Climate Control Population control (species interactions) Pest control Stepped Art = = + + Fig. 1-4, p. 9

POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  Economic growth provides people with more goods and services.  Measured in gross domestic product (GDP)  Economic development uses economic growth to improve living standards.  The world ’ s countries economic status (developed vs. developing) are based on their degree of industrialization and GDP

Global Outlook  Comparison of developed and developing countries. Figures 1-5 and 1-6

Fig. 1-5, p. 11 Percentage of World's Population Developing countries Developed countries Pollution and waste Resource use Wealth and Income Population Growth

Fig. 1-6, p. 11

RESOURCES  Perpetual : On a human time scale are continuous.  Renewable : On a human time scale can be replenished rapidly (e.g. hours to several decades).  Nonrenewable : On a human time scale are in fixed supply.

Nonrenewable Resources  Exist as fixed quantity  Becomes economically depleted.  Recycling and reusing extends supply  Recycling processes waste material into new material.  Reuse is using a resource over again in the same form. Figure 1-8

Our Ecological Footprint  Humanity ’ s ecological footprint has exceeded earths ecological capacity. Figure 1-7

Ecological footprint :  the amount of biologically productive land and water needed to supply an area with resources and to absorb the wastes and pollution produced by such resources

Fig. 1-7a, p. 13 Total Footprint (million hectares) and Share of Global Ecological Capacity (%) United States 2,810 (25%) European Union 2,160 (19%) China 2,050 (18%) India 780 (7%) Japan 540 (5%)

Fig. 1-7c, p. 13 Number of Earths Humanity's Ecological Footprint Earth ’ s Ecological Capacity Year

Fig. 1-7b, p. 13 Footprint Per Person (hectares per person) United States European Union 1.6 China India Japan

Per capita ecological footprint:  the average ecological footprint of an individual in an area  What happens when a country exceeds its ecological capacity (aka biocapacity)?

Ecological Credit Card  It is estimated that it will take the resources of 1.39 planet earths to indefinitely support or current production and consumption of renewable resources.

 How is the growth of the world’s ecological footprint related to exponential growth of the world’s population and economies?  What are three things you would do to reduce the global ecological footprint and your own individual foot print?

Do Now 9/12  On a scrap paper write your name and explain the rule of 70  Hand into the inbox

POLLUTION  Pollutants are chemicals found at high enough levels in the environment to cause harm to organisms.  Point source  Nonpoint source Figure 1-9

Pollutant Sources  Point source- single identifiable source  Ex. Smokestack of a coal burning industrial plant  Nonpoint source- larger, dispersed, difficult to identify  Ex. Pesticides sprayed into the air and carried by the wind

Pollution Effects  Pollutants can have three types of unwanted effects:  1.) Can disrupt / degrade life-support systems.  2.) Can damage health and property.  3.) Can create nuisances such as noise and unpleasant smells, tastes, and sights.

The 2 Pollution Solutions  Pollution Prevention AKA Input pollution control  Pollution Cleanup or Output pollution control.

Find an Article on Pollution  The article must demonstrate how pollution affects your life.  Based on the article you find, write minimum of ½ page explaining how pollution affects your life.  COMPLETE AS HOMEWORK IF NOT FINISHED IN CLASS  Due Monday 9/15

Do Now 9/15  Biodiversity Definition:  Variety of different species, genetic variability among individuals within each species, variety of ecosystems, and functions such as energy flow and matter cycling needed for the survival of species and biological communities

Video  vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start=0&end=145.66& cid= %22%3E%3C/param%3E%3Ce mbed%20src=%22http://swf.tubechop.co m/tubechop.swf?vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start =0&end=145.66&cid= %22%20type =%22application/x-shockwave- flash%22%20allowfullscreen=%22true%22% 20width=%22425%22%20height=%22344%2 2%3E%3C/embed%3E%3C/object%3E vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start=0&end=145.66& cid= %22%3E%3C/param%3E%3Ce mbed%20src=%22http://swf.tubechop.co m/tubechop.swf?vurl=lKbHVtMPUpg&start =0&end=145.66&cid= %22%20type =%22application/x-shockwave- flash%22%20allowfullscreen=%22true%22% 20width=%22425%22%20height=%22344%2 2%3E%3C/embed%3E%3C/object%3E

Poverty and Environmental Problems  1 of 3 children under 5, suffer from severe malnutrition. Figure 1-12 and 1-13

Fig. 1-12, p. 18

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: CAUSES AND CONNECTIONS  The major causes of environmental problems are:  Population growth  Wasteful resource use  Poverty  Poor environmental accounting  Ecological ignorance

Fig. 1-11, p. 17 Causes of Environmental Problems Trying to manage and simplify nature with too little knowledge about how it works Not including the environmental costs of economic goods and services in their market prices PovertyUnsustainable resource use Population growth

Resource Consumption and Environmental Problems  Underconsumption  Overconsumption  Affluenza: unsustainable addiction to overconsumption and materialism.

CULTURAL CHANGES AND THE ENVIRONMENT  Agricultural revolution  Allowed people to stay in one place.  Industrial-medical revolution  Led shift from rural villages to urban society.  Science improved sanitation and disease control.  Information-globalization revolution  Rapid access to information.

Do now: 9/16  Copy the definition of

Fig. 1-17, p ) Controls a species ’ population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species. 1. Runs on renewable solar energy. 2.) Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. 3.) Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ- mental conditions. Solutions Principles of Sustainability How Nature WorksLessons for Us

Fig. 1-17, p. 25 Reduce human births and wasteful resource use to prevent environmental overload and depletion and degradation of resources. 4.) Controls a species ’ population size and resource use by interactions with its environment and other species. 1.) Runs on renewable solar energy. Rely mostly on renewable solar energy. 2.) Recycles nutrients and wastes. There is little waste in nature. 3.) Uses biodiversity to maintain itself and adapt to new environ- mental conditions. Prevent and reduce pollution and recycle and reuse resources. Preserve biodiversity by protecting ecosystem services and habitats and preventing premature extinction of species. Solutions Principles of Sustainability How Nature WorksLessons for Us

Fig. 1-15, p. 23 Trade-Offs Industrial-Medical Revolution AdvantagesDIsadvantages Mass production of useful and affordable products Higher standard of living for many Greatly increased agricultural production Lower infant mortality Longer life expectancy Increased urbanization Lower rate of population growth Increased air pollution Increased waste pollution Soil depletion and degradation Groundwater depletion Habitat destruction and degradation Biodiversity depletion Increased water pollution

Which single advantage and disadvantage are most important?

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS  Technological optimists:  suggest that human ingenuity will keep the environment sustainable.  Environmental pessimists:  overstate the problems where our environmental situation seems hopeless.

Four Scientific Principles of Sustainability: Copy Nature  Reliance on Solar Energy  Biodiversity  Population Control  Nutrient Recycling Figure 1-16

Fig. 1-16, p. 24 Reliance on Solar Energy Population Control Nutrient Recycling Biodiversity

Aldo Leopold ’ s Environmental Ethics  Individuals matter.  … land is to be loved and respected is an extension of ethics.  We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity… Figure 1-A

Fig. 1-18, p. 25