Indian Wars.

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Presentation transcript:

Indian Wars

Apache and Navajo Wars (1861-1886) Apache – AZ, NM, and CO territories Navajo – NM and CO territories

Geronimo Col. Christopher “Kit” Carson

Carson kills or relocates many Apache to reservations in 1862. Clashes drag on until Geronimo surrenders in 1886.

Navajo surrender in 1863, but Carson attacks before and kills hundreds, destroys homeland. Navajo move to NM reservation in 1865.

Sand Creek Massacre (1864) Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho – Central Plains

Black Kettle Col. John Chivington

Cheyenne massacres prompt Chivington to kill up to 500 surrendered Cheyenne and Arapaho led by Black Kettle.

Red River War (1874-1875) Comanche and Southern branches of Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Arapaho – Southern Plains

Comanche War parties Gen. William T. Sherman Lt. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan

Southern Plains Indians relocated to OK Indian Territory in 1867. Comanche warriors raced to TX to kill hunters who had destroyed their food supply. Sherman and Sheridan defeat warriors and open land for ranching.

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876) Sioux of the Northern Plains – Dakota, WY, and MT territories (Black Hills Region)

Sitting Bull Crazy Horse Lt. Col. George A. Custer

US Govt. tries to buy gold-rich Black Hills from Sioux. Talks fail and Custer’s 7th Calvary sent to round up the Sioux. Troops meet up with large number of Sioux. Custer and 200 men killed in “Custer’s Last Stand.”

Nez Perce War (1877) Nez Perce – ID, WA, and OR Territories

Chief Joseph Gen. Nelson Miles Gen. Oliver O. Howard

Nez Perce makes stand to hold land and not move to ID reservation. Chief Joseph leads families, warriors of tribe (apprx. 700 people) for 1800 miles. Surrendered after some battles and moved to reservation in WA Territory.

Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) Sioux Reservation in South Dakota (Pine Ridge Reservation)

Sitting Bull US 7th Calvary

Ghost Dance raises fears of Sioux uprisings. Sitting Bull killed in an attempted arrest. His followers surrender and camp at Wounded Knee. Shots are fired; some 200 – 300 Sioux die (women and children included).