FUNGI Mrs. Leary

Characteristics Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Cannot move Cannot move Single celled and multicellular Single celled and multicellular Hyphae Hyphae Some exhibit mutualism Some exhibit mutualism No chlorophyll No chlorophyll Lack roots, stems, leaves Lack roots, stems, leaves

Anatomy No skeletal, muscular, circulatory, or nervous system No skeletal, muscular, circulatory, or nervous system Some fungi have cell walls for stability Some fungi have cell walls for stability Gas exchange and excretion happen directly through cell wall Gas exchange and excretion happen directly through cell wall

Feeding Heterotrophs, consumers, decomposers, parasites Heterotrophs, consumers, decomposers, parasites Get nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes onto a food source and absorbing dissolved food Get nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes onto a food source and absorbing dissolved food

Reproduction Asexual – hyphae breaks off and becomes a new fungus Asexual – hyphae breaks off and becomes a new fungus Asexual – spores are small reproductive cells spread by the wind Asexual – spores are small reproductive cells spread by the wind Asexual - budding Asexual - budding Sexual – no males or females, only + and – Fertilization occurs when + hyphae fuses with - hyphae Sexual – no males or females, only + and – Fertilization occurs when + hyphae fuses with - hyphae

Kinds Thread-like fungi – mold Thread-like fungi – mold Both sexual and asexual reproduction Both sexual and asexual reproduction

Kinds Sac fungi – largest group – yeast, mildews, truffles, morels Sac fungi – largest group – yeast, mildews, truffles, morels Both sexual and asexual reproduction Both sexual and asexual reproduction

Kinds Club fungi – mushroom and non- mushroom fungi Club fungi – mushroom and non- mushroom fungi Mushrooms, bracket, puffballs, smuts, rusts Mushrooms, bracket, puffballs, smuts, rusts

Kinds Imperfect fungi – all other fungi that doesn’t fit into other categories. Imperfect fungi – all other fungi that doesn’t fit into other categories. Only reproduces asexually Only reproduces asexually Ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections Ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections

Imperfect Fungi Continued Penicillium is one kind that is used to make antibiotics Penicillium is one kind that is used to make antibiotics Used in cheese making Used in cheese making

Lichen Mutualistic Mutualistic Relationship between fungi and algae Relationship between fungi and algae Producers Producers

Largest Organism? In Malheur National Forest in Oregon there is a fungus that weaves through the roots of the trees in this forest. In Malheur National Forest in Oregon there is a fungus that weaves through the roots of the trees in this forest. Has been growing continuously for about 2,400 years Has been growing continuously for about 2,400 years Now covers an estimated 2,200 acres Now covers an estimated 2,200 acres Honey mushroom Honey mushroom